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Word-level quality estimation (QE) methods aim to detect erroneous spans in machine translations, which can direct and facilitate human post-editing. While the accuracy of word-level QE systems has been assessed extensively, their usability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Grzegorz Chrupała , Ana Guerberof-Arenas , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Cross-lingual word vectors are typically obtained by fitting an orthogonal matrix that maps the entries of a bilingual dictionary from a source to a target vector space. Word vectors, however, are most commonly used for sentence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Hanan Aldarmaki , Mona Diab

This paper describes our submission to the shared task on word/phrase level Quality Estimation (QE) in the First Conference on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT16). The objective of the shared task was to predict if the given word/phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Raj Nath Patel , Sasikumar M

In this paper, we propose to boost low-resource cross-lingual document retrieval performance with deep bilingual query-document representations. We match queries and documents in both source and target languages with four components, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rui Zhang , Caitlin Westerfield , Sungrok Shim , Garrett Bingham , Alexander Fabbri , Neha Verma , William Hu , Dragomir Radev

Modern code review is a critical quality assurance process that is widely adopted in both industry and open source software environments. This process can help newcomers learn from the feedback of experienced reviewers; however, it often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Christoph Treude , Wachiraphan Charoenwet

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models, particularly large language models, demands extensive computing resources and can result in varying performance outcomes across different domains and datasets. This paper examines the approach of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Guodong Du , Jing Li , Hanting Liu , Runhua Jiang , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Sim Kuan Goh , Ho-Kin Tang

Machine translation (MT) was developed as one of the hottest research topics in the natural language processing (NLP) literature. One important issue in MT is that how to evaluate the MT system reasonably and tell us whether the translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Lifeng Han

The goal of information retrieval is to recommend a list of document candidates that are most relevant to a given query. Listwise learning trains neural retrieval models by comparing various candidates simultaneously on a large scale,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Zhizhong Chen , Carsten Eickhoff

One of the most important problems in machine translation (MT) evaluation is to evaluate the similarity between translation hypotheses with different surface forms from the reference, especially at the segment level. We propose to use word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Junki Matsuo , Mamoru Komachi , Katsuhito Sudoh

In neural machine translation, a source sequence of words is encoded into a vector from which a target sequence is generated in the decoding phase. Differently from statistical machine translation, the associations between source words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Shaohui Kuang , Junhui Li , António Branco , Weihua Luo , Deyi Xiong

Compared to sentence-level systems, document-level neural machine translation (NMT) models produce a more consistent output across a document and are able to better resolve ambiguities within the input. There are many works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Christian Herold , Hermann Ney

Stack Overflow is one of the most popular technical Q&A sites used by software developers. Seeking help from Stack Overflow has become an essential part of software developers' daily work for solving programming-related questions. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Zhipeng Gao , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Yuan-Fang Li

Text-image cross-modal retrieval is a challenging task in the field of language and vision. Most previous approaches independently embed images and sentences into a joint embedding space and compare their similarities. However, previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Zihao Wang , Xihui Liu , Hongsheng Li , Lu Sheng , Junjie Yan , Xiaogang Wang , Jing Shao

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely on contextual embeddings which generate different (continuous) representations for the same token depending on its surrounding context. Nonetheless, words and tokens typically have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Qitong Wang , Mohammed J. Zaki , Georgios Kollias , Vasileios Kalantzis

Question answering platforms, such as Stack Overflow, have impacted substantially how developers search for solutions for their programming problems. The crowd knowledge content available from such platforms has also been used to leverage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Liliane do Nascimento Vale , Marcelo de Almeida Maia

Crowdsourcing is a relatively economic and efficient solution to collect annotations from the crowd through online platforms. Answers collected from workers with different expertise may be noisy and unreliable, and the quality of annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Jingzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Carlotta Domeniconi , Xiangliang Zhang

This paper proposes a classification framework aimed at identifying correlations between job ad requirements and transversal skill sets, with a focus on predicting the necessary skills for individual job descriptions using a deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Florin Leon , Marius Gavrilescu , Sabina-Adriana Floria , Alina-Adriana Minea

Retrieval-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) offer substantial benefits in enhancing performance across knowledge-intensive scenarios. However, these methods often face challenges with complex inputs and encounter difficulties due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Haoyu Wang , Ruirui Li , Haoming Jiang , Jinjin Tian , Zhengyang Wang , Chen Luo , Xianfeng Tang , Monica Cheng , Tuo Zhao , Jing Gao

As the knowledge of large language models (LLMs) becomes outdated over time, there is a growing need for efficient methods to update them, especially when injecting proprietary information. Our study reveals that comprehension-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Essa Jan , Moiz Ali , Muhammad Saram Hassan , Fareed Zaffar , Yasir Zaki

Neural Machine Translation (MT) has reached state-of-the-art results. However, one of the main challenges that neural MT still faces is dealing with very large vocabularies and morphologically rich languages. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Marta R. Costa-Jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa