Related papers: Increasing Power for Observational Studies of Aber…
Mantel's test (MT) for association is conducted by testing the linear relationship of similarity of all pairs of subjects between two observational domains. Motivated by applications to neuroimaging and genetics data, and following the…
The Mantel-Haenszel (MH) risk difference estimator, commonly used in randomized clinical trials for binary outcomes, calculates a weighted average of stratum-specific risk difference estimators. Traditionally, this method requires the…
Matching and weighting methods for observational studies involve the choice of an estimand, the causal effect with reference to a specific target population. Commonly used estimands include the average treatment effect in the treated (ATT),…
Continual learning, also known as lifelong learning or incremental learning, refers to the process by which a model learns from a stream of incoming data over time. A common problem in continual learning is the classification layer's bias…
Adaptive experiment designs can dramatically improve statistical efficiency in randomized trials, but they also complicate statistical inference. For example, it is now well known that the sample mean is biased in adaptive trials.…
Attrition is a common and potentially important threat to internal validity in treatment effect studies. We extend the changes-in-changes approach to identify the average treatment effect for respondents and the entire study population in…
In many epidemiological contexts, disease occurrences and their rates are naturally modelled by counting processes and their intensities, allowing an analysis based on martingale methods. These methods lend themselves to extensions of…
Recent substantial advances of molecular targeted oncology drug development is requiring new paradigms for early-phase clinical trial methodologies to enable us to evaluate efficacy of several subtypes simultaneously and efficiently. The…
We study regression adjustment with general function class approximations for estimating the average treatment effect in the design-based setting. Standard regression adjustment involves bias due to sample re-use, and this bias leads to…
Binary endpoints are common in clinical trials and conditional odds ratios have traditionally been used to assess treatment effects. However, the interpretation of odds ratios is difficult, they are non-collapsible and rely on strong…
Testing whether a variable of interest affects the outcome is one of the most fundamental problem in statistics and is often the main scientific question of interest. To tackle this problem, the conditional randomization test (CRT) is…
Adaptive experiments, including efficient average treatment effect estimation and multi-armed bandit algorithms, have garnered attention in various applications, such as social experiments, clinical trials, and online advertisement…
In epidemiological studies, participants' disease status is often collected through self-reported outcomes in place of formal medical tests due to budget constraints. However, self-reported outcomes are often subject to measurement errors,…
Standard (network) meta-analysis methods for medical test accuracy evaluation analyse the data separately for each test threshold - wasting data - unless every study reports all thresholds. Previously proposed "multiple threshold" models…
The Mann-Kendall test for trend has gained a lot of attention in a range of disciplines, especially in the environmental sciences. One of the drawbacks of the Mann-Kendall test when applied to real data is that no distinction can be made…
Detecting anomalies in large sets of observations is crucial in various applications, such as epidemiological studies, gene expression studies, and systems monitoring. We consider settings where the units of interest result in multiple…
Estimating a causal effect from observational data can be biased if we do not control for self-selection. This selection is based on confounding variables that affect the treatment assignment and the outcome. Propensity score methods aim to…
Response-adaptive allocation designs refer to a class of designs where the probability an observation is assigned to a treatment is changed throughout an experiment based on the accrued responses. Such procedures result in random treatment…
Consider an experiment involving a potentially small number of subjects. Some random variables are observed on each subject: a high-dimensional one called the "observed" random variable, and a one-dimensional one called the "outcome" random…
From scientific experiments to online A/B testing, the previously observed data often affects how future experiments are performed, which in turn affects which data will be collected. Such adaptivity introduces complex correlations between…