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In comparison to classical shallow representation learning techniques, deep neural networks have achieved superior performance in nearly every application benchmark. But despite their clear empirical advantages, it is still not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Calvin Murdock , George Cazenavette , Simon Lucey

Deep neural networks are being used increasingly to automate data analysis and decision making, yet their decision-making process is largely unclear and is difficult to explain to the end users. In this paper, we address the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Vitali Petsiuk , Abir Das , Kate Saenko

Neural networks are widely regarded as black-box models, creating significant challenges in understanding their inner workings, especially in natural language processing (NLP) applications. To address this opacity, model explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Melkamu Mersha , Mingiziem Bitewa , Tsion Abay , Jugal Kalita

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

The interest in complex deep neural networks for computer vision applications is increasing. This leads to the need for improving the interpretable capabilities of these models. Recent explanation methods present visualizations of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Dan Valle , Tiago Pimentel , Adriano Veloso

Deep neural networks have achieved significant improvements in information retrieval (IR). However, most existing models are computational costly and can not efficiently scale to long documents. This paper proposes a novel End-to-End neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Chen Zheng , Yu Sun , Shengxian Wan , Dianhai Yu

Due to their black-box and data-hungry nature, deep learning techniques are not yet widely adopted for real-world applications in critical domains, like healthcare and justice. This paper presents Memory Wrap, a plug-and-play extension to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Biagio La Rosa , Roberto Capobianco , Daniele Nardi

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

Image super-resolution (SR) techniques have been developing rapidly, benefiting from the invention of deep networks and its successive breakthroughs. However, it is acknowledged that deep learning and deep neural networks are difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jinjin Gu , Chao Dong

How can we find interpretable, domain-appropriate models of natural phenomena given some complex, raw data such as images? Can we use such models to derive scientific insight from the data? In this paper, we propose some methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Christopher J. Soelistyo , Alan R. Lowe

Deep learning methods have become very popular for the processing of natural images, and were then successfully adapted to the neuroimaging field. As these methods are non-transparent, interpretability methods are needed to validate them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Elina Thibeau-Sutre , Sasha Collin , Ninon Burgos , Olivier Colliot

Explaining deep learning models in a way that humans can easily understand is essential for responsible artificial intelligence applications. Attribution methods constitute an important area of explainable deep learning. The attribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Michal Byra , Henrik Skibbe

How do the neural networks distinguish two images? It is of critical importance to understand the matching mechanism of deep models for developing reliable intelligent systems for many risky visual applications such as surveillance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Wenliang Zhao , Yongming Rao , Ziyi Wang , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

Masking-based post-hoc explanation methods, such as KernelSHAP and LIME, estimate local feature importance by querying a black-box model under randomized perturbations. This paper formulates this procedure as communication over a query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Erciyes Karakaya , Ozgur Ercetin

Information retrieval models have witnessed a paradigm shift from unsupervised statistical approaches to feature-based supervised approaches to completely data-driven ones that make use of the pre-training of large language models. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Saran Pandian , Debasis Ganguly , Sean MacAvaney

The effective of information retrieval (IR) systems have become more important than ever. Deep IR models have gained increasing attention for its ability to automatically learning features from raw text; thus, many deep IR models have been…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Xueqi Cheng

The primary goal of ad-hoc retrieval (document retrieval in the context of question answering) is to find relevant documents satisfied the information need posted in a natural language query. It requires a good understanding of the query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Xiaowei Xu

Interpretability in black-box dense retrievers remains a central challenge in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Understanding how queries and documents semantically interact is critical for diagnosing retrieval behavior and improving…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yash Saxena , Ankur Padia , Kalpa Gunaratna , Manas Gaur

Product search is one of the most popular methods for customers to discover products online. Most existing studies on product search focus on developing effective retrieval models that rank items by their likelihood to be purchased. They,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Qingyao Ai , Yongfeng Zhang , Keping Bi , W. Bruce Croft