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We investigate the idea that different interpretations of quantum mechanics can be seen as restrictions of the consistent (or decoherent) histories quantum mechanics of closed systems to particular classes of histories,together with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 James B. Hartle

The problem of the observer in quantum mechanics is getting new human content. The paradox of Wigner's friend and its extended versions have observers who not only observe quantum phenomena, but communicate, have memories and even…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-10-08 Göte Nyman

This work sets out to answer a single question: what is the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics? However, we adopt a different approach to that normally used. Rather than surveying physicists, or poring over the precise details of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Geoff Beck

This essay reviews a modern understanding of a quantum measurement. Rather than reducing the picture to the observer's experience with quantum system, we try to put it in the context of a broader physical picture. We also attempt to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-21 Marcin Wieśniak

In the literature on quantum reference frames, the internal (relative) properties of a system are defined as those which are preserved under an arbitrary change of reference frame. For a system of quantum spins, these are all properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-10 Jacques Pienaar

The Frauchiger-Renner Paradox is an extension of paradoxes based on the 'Problem of Measurement,' such as Schrodinger's Cat and Wigner's Friend. All of these paradoxes stem from assuming that quantum theory has only unitary (linear)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-28 R. E. Kastner

Measurements done on the quantum systems are too specific. Contrary to their classical counterparts, quantum measurements can be invasive and destroy the state of interest. Besides, quantumness limits the accuracy of measurements done on…

The linear mathematics of quantum mechanics gives many versions of reality instead of the single version we perceive, with the perceived version chosen at random according to a probability law. Because of these peculiarities, the theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-23 Casey Blood

We present an analysis of quantum mechanics and its problems and paradoxes taking into account the results that have been obtained during the last two decades by investigations in the field of `quantum structures research'. We concentrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts

We propose a new measure of relative incompatibility for a quantum system with respect to two non-commuting observables, and call it quantumness of relative incompatibility. In case of a classical state, order of observation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-30 Manish Kumar Shukla , Rounak Mundra , Arun K Pati , Indranil Chakrabarty , Junde Wu

In Everett's many worlds interpretation, quantum measurements are considered to be decoherence events. If so, then inexact decoherence may allow large worlds to mangle the memory of observers in small worlds, creating a cutoff in observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-23 Robin D. Hanson

Motivated by the expectation that relativistic symmetries might acquire quantum features in Quantum Gravity, we take the first steps towards a theory of ''Doubly'' Quantum Mechanics, a modification of Quantum Mechanics in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Vittorio D'Esposito , Giuseppe Fabiano , Domenico Frattulillo , Flavio Mercati

Relational quantum mechanics (RQM) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the idea that quantum states describe not an absolute property of a system but rather a relationship between systems. In this article, we observe that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-15 Emily Adlam , Carlo Rovelli

In quantum theory, it is widely accepted that all experimental results must agree with theoretical predictions based on the Copenhagen interpretation. However the classical system in the Copenhagen interpretation has not been defined yet.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yukinari Kurita

Wigner's Friend-type paradoxes challenge the assumption that events are absolute -- that when we measure a system, we obtain a single result, which is not relative to anything or anyone else. These paradoxes highlight the tension between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Sumit Mukherjee , Jonte R. Hance

In Quantum Physics there are circumstances where the direct measurement of particular observables encounters diffculties; in some of these cases, however, its value can be evaluated, i.e. it can be inferred by measuring another observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Giuseppe Nisticò , Angela Sestito

Based on new experiments about the "macroscopic Schrodinger's cat state" etc., a self-consistent interpretation on quantum mechanics is presented from the new point of view combining physics, philosophy and mathematics together.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang-jiong Ni

We formulate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) gedankenexperiment within the framework of relativistic quantum theory to analyze a situation in which measurements are performed by moving observers. We point out that under certain conditions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-11 Hiroaki Terashima , Masahito Ueda

The problem of interpreting quantum theory on a large (e.g. cosmological) scale has been commonly conceived as a search for objective reality in a framework that is fundamentally probabilistic. The Everett programme attempts to evade the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Brandon Carter

Recent arguments, involving entangled systems shared by sets of Wigner's friend arrangements, allegedly show that the assumption that the experiments performed by the friends yield definite outcomes, is incompatible with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-20 Elias Okon