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The main achievements, current developments and prospects of molecular studies in external galaxies are reviewed. They are put in the context of the results of several decades of studies of molecules in local interstellar medium, their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Alain Omont

Remote observations of comets, especially using high spectral resolution millimeter spectroscopy, have enabled the detection of over 25 molecules in comets for the last twenty years. Among the molecules identified at radio wavelengths,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-23 Nicolas Biver , Dominique Bockelée-Morvan

Since molecules are ubiquitous in space, the study of the 'Molecular Universe' could unfold the mystery of the existing Interstellar medium. Star formation is linked to the chemical evolution processes. Thus, an analysis of the formation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-29 Bratati Bhat

Complex organic molecules (COMs) are widely detected in protostellar and protoplanetary systems, where they are thought to have been inherited in large part from earlier evolutionary phases. The chemistry of COMs in these earlier phases,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-31 F. D. Priestley , P. C. Clark , S. E. Ragan , S. Scibelli , M. T. Cusack , S. C. O. Glover , O. Fehér , L. R. Prole , R. S. Klessen

Complex organic molecules are ubiquitous companions of young low-mass protostars. Recent observations suggest that their emission stems, not only from the traditional hot corino, but also from offset positions. In this work, 2D…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-22 Maria N. Drozdovskaya , Catherine Walsh , Ruud Visser , Daniel Harsono , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

Thousands of confirmed and candidate exoplanets have been identified in recent years. Consequently, theoretical research on the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems has seen a boost, and the processes of planet-planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-06 M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , Qi Shu , Maxwell Xu Cai , Rainer Spurzem

Molecular complexity builds up at each step of the Sun-like star formation process, starting from simple molecules and ending up in large polyatomic species. Complex organic molecules (COMs; such as methyl formate, HCOOCH$_3$, dymethyl…

Astrochemistry lies at the nexus of astronomy, chemistry, and molecular physics. On the basis of precise laboratory data, a rich collection of more than 200 familiar and exotic molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-18 Michael C. McCarthy , Brett A. McGuire

Complex organic molecules (COMs) are thought to form on icy dust grains in the earliest phase of star formation. The evolution of these COMs from the youngest Class 0/I protostellar phases toward the more evolved Class II phase is still not…

We review the evolution of our understanding of the planetary nebulae phenomenon and their place in the scheme of stellar evolution. The historical steps leading to our current understanding of central star evolution and nebular formation…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-14 Sun Kwok

Massive star-forming regions exhibit an extremely rich and diverse chemistry, which in principle provides a wealth of molecular probes, as well as laboratories for interstellar prebiotic chemistry. Since the chemical structure of these…

Hydrocarbon organic material, as found in the interstellar medium, exists in complex mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic forms. It is considered to be originated from carbon enriched giant stars during their final stages of evolution, when…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Ramiro de la Reza , Natalia A. Drake , Isa Oliveira , Sridharan Rengaswamy

The search for complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) has revealed species of ever greater complexity. This search relies on the progress made in the laboratory to characterize their rotational spectra. Our understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Arnaud Belloche

We present the analysis of NOEMA interferometric observations of the high-mass star-forming region W75N(B) with a focus on molecular composition and distribution of prebiotic molecules in the source's multiple cores. Over twenty molecules…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-13 Morgan M. Giese , Will E. Thompson , Dariusz C. Lis , Susanna L. Widicus Weaver

The interstellar medium is characterized by a rich and diverse chemistry. Many of its complex organic molecules are proposed to form through radical chemistry in icy grain mantles. Radicals form readily when interstellar ices (composed of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-13 Karin I. Oberg

The origin of complex organic molecules such as amino acids and their precursors found in meteorites and comets is unknown. Previous studies have accounted for the complex organic inventory of the Solar System by aqueous chemistry on warm…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-15 Henry Throop

Refractory organic compounds formed in molecular clouds are among the building blocks of the solar system objects and could be the precursors of organic matter found in primitive meteorites and cometary materials. However, little is known…

My thesis work aims to study the inter-relation between various physical and chemical conditions in a wide range of astrophysical environments. Our studied regions range from the super-hot regions (i.e., nebular, photon-dominated, or…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-12 Milan Sil

There is increasingly more evidence being accumulated for the occurrence of large amounts of organic material in the cosmos, particularly in the form of aromatic compounds. These molecules can be found on the surface of Earth and Mars, in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-03 Karo Michaelian , Aleksandar Simeonov

Complex organic molecules are key markers of molecular diversity, and their formation conditions in protoplanetary disks remain an active area of research. These molecules have been detected on a variety of celestial bodies, including icy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 T. Benest Couzinou , A. Amsler Moulanier , O. Mousis