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Neuromorphic computers perform computations by emulating the human brain, and use extremely low power. They are expected to be indispensable for energy-efficient computing in the future. While they are primarily used in spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Prasanna Date , Shruti Kulkarni , Aaron Young , Catherine Schuman , Thomas Potok , Jeffrey Vetter

Machine Learning algorithms based on Brain-inspired Hyperdimensional(HD) computing imitate cognition by exploiting statistical properties of high-dimensional vector spaces. It is a promising solution for achieving high energy efficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Samuel Bosch , Alexander Sanchez de la Cerda , Mohsen Imani , Tajana Simunic Rosing , Giovanni De Micheli

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have highlighted the need for novel computing hardware in order to truly unlock the potential for AI. Physics-based hardware, such as thermodynamic computing, has the potential…

Computer-generated holography (CGH) presents a transformative solution for near-eye displays in augmented and virtual reality. Recent advances in deep learning have greatly improved CGH in reconstructed quality and computational efficiency.…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Shuyang Xie , Jie Zhou , Jun Wang , Renjing Xu

Disentangling attributes of various sensory signals is central to human-like perception and reasoning and a critical task for higher-order cognitive and neuro-symbolic AI systems. An elegant approach to represent this intricate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Zishen Wan , Che-Kai Liu , Mohamed Ibrahim , Hanchen Yang , Samuel Spetalnick , Tushar Krishna , Arijit Raychowdhury

Multigrid algorithms are among the fastest iterative methods known today for solving large linear and some non-linear systems of equations. Greatly optimized for serial operation, they still have a great potential for parallelism not fully…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2011-08-11 Julian Becerra-Sagredo , Carlos Malaga , Francisco Mandujano

Brain simulation, as one of the latest advances in artificial intelligence, facilitates better understanding about how information is represented and processed in the brain. The extreme complexity of human brain makes brain simulations only…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Xin Du

The human brain represents the only known example of general intelligence that naturally aligns with human values. On a mere 20-watt power budget, the brain achieves robust learning and adaptive decision-making in ways that continue to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 PK Douglas

Hyperdimensional computing (HD) is an emerging paradigm for machine learning based on the evidence that the brain computes on high-dimensional, distributed, representations of data. The main operation of HD is encoding, which transfers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Behnam Khaleghi , Sahand Salamat , Anthony Thomas , Fatemeh Asgarinejad , Yeseong Kim , Tajana Rosing

Classical computing is beginning to encounter fundamental limits of energy efficiency. This presents a challenge that can no longer be solved by strategies such as increasing circuit density or refining standard semiconductor processes. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Keshava Katti , Pratik Chaudhari , Deep Jariwala

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a promising avenue to perform embedded reasoning under uncertainty. They support efficient and exact computation of various probabilistic inference tasks by design. Hence, hardware-efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lingyun Yao , Martin Trapp , Jelin Leslin , Gaurav Singh , Peng Zhang , Karthekeyan Periasamy , Martin Andraud

The success of the exascale supercomputer is largely debated to remain dependent on novel breakthroughs in technology that effectively reduce the power consumption and thermal dissipation requirements. In this work, we consider the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Sergio Rivas-Gomez , Antonio J. Peña , David Moloney , Erwin Laure , Stefano Markidis

Software-implementation, via neural networks, of brain-inspired computing approaches underlie many important modern-day computational tasks, from image processing to speech recognition, artificial intelligence and deep learning…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-19 J. Feldmann , N. Youngblood , C. D. Wright , H. Bhaskaran , W. H. P. Pernice

Autonomous AI systems reveal foundational limitations in deterministic, human-authored computing architectures. This paper presents Cognitive Silicon: a hypothetical full-stack architectural framework projected toward 2035, exploring a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Christoforus Yoga Haryanto , Emily Lomempow

In this article, we present a cognitive architecture that is built from powerful yet simple neural models. Specifically, we describe an implementation of the common model of cognition grounded in neural generative coding and holographic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Alexander Ororbia , M. A. Kelly

Since the inception of computing, we have been reliant on CPU-powered architectures. However, today this reliance is challenged by manufacturing limitations (CMOS scaling), performance expectations (stalled clocks, Turing tax), and security…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Marco Spaziani Brunella , Marco Bonola , Animesh Trivedi

We have repurposed Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), application-specific chips developed for machine learning, into large-scale dense linear algebra supercomputers. The TPUs' fast inter-core interconnects (ICI)s, physically…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Adam G. M. Lewis , Jackson Beall , Martin Ganahl , Markus Hauru , Shrestha Basu Mallick , Guifre Vidal

This paper presents the self-organized neuromorphic architecture named SOMA. The objective is to study neural-based self-organization in computing systems and to prove the feasibility of a self-organizing hardware structure. Considering…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Lyes Khacef , Bernard Girau , Nicolas Rougier , Andres Upegui , Benoit Miramond

Privacy-preserving computation techniques like homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party computation (SMPC) enhance data security by enabling processing on encrypted data. However, the significant computational and CPU-DRAM data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Mpoki Mwaisela

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a brain-inspired and light-weight machine learning method. It has received significant attention in the literature as a candidate to be applied in the wearable internet of things, near-sensor artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Laura Smets , Werner Van Leekwijck , Ing Jyh Tsang , Steven Latré