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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer great machine learning performance over a range of applications, but their operation is hard to interpret, even for experts. Various explanation algorithms have been proposed to address this issue,…
A fundamental bottleneck in utilising complex machine learning systems for critical applications has been not knowing why they do and what they do, thus preventing the development of any crucial safety protocols. To date, no method exist…
Saliency maps can explain a neural model's predictions by identifying important input features. They are difficult to interpret for laypeople, especially for instances with many features. In order to make them more accessible, we formalize…
Despite the tremendous achievements of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many computer vision tasks, understanding how they actually work remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step understanding…
Saliency maps are frequently used to support explanations of the behavior of deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents. However, a review of how saliency maps are used in practice indicates that the derived explanations are often…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained prominence for their ability to process graph-structured data across various domains. However, interpreting GNN decisions remains a significant challenge, leading to the adoption of saliency maps for…
Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects. Neural networks for saliency estimation require ground truth saliency maps for training which are usually achieved via…
Feature maps in deep neural network generally contain different semantics. Existing methods often omit their characteristics that may lead to sub-optimal results. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end deep saliency network which…
We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our…
With their increase in performance, neural network architectures also become more complex, necessitating explainability. Therefore, many new and improved methods are currently emerging, which often generate so-called saliency maps in order…
One of the significant challenges of deep neural networks is that the complex nature of the network prevents human comprehension of the outcome of the network. Consequently, the applicability of complex machine learning models is limited in…
Trust and credibility in machine learning models is bolstered by the ability of a model to explain itsdecisions. While explainability of deep learning models is a well-known challenge, a further chal-lenge is clarity of the explanation…
Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks. However, concerns about their trustworthiness persist, particularly regarding tendencies to lean more on textual cues than visual evidence and the risk of…
Data augmentation is a commonly applied technique with two seemingly related advantages. With this method one can increase the size of the training set generating new samples and also increase the invariance of the network against the…
The field of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced a plethora of methods (e.g., saliency-maps) to gain insight into artificial intelligence (AI) models, and has exploded with the rise of deep learning (DL). However,…
Saliency Map, the gradient of the score function with respect to the input, is the most basic technique for interpreting deep neural network decisions. However, saliency maps are often visually noisy. Although several hypotheses were…
Most of the saliency methods are evaluated on their ability to generate saliency maps, and not on their functionality in a complete vision pipeline, like for instance, image classification. In the current paper, we propose an approach which…
The classification decisions of neural networks can be misled by small imperceptible perturbations. This work aims to explain the misled classifications using saliency methods. The idea behind saliency methods is to explain the…
Saliency map detection, as a method for detecting important regions of an image, is used in many applications such as image classification and recognition. We propose that context detection could have an essential role in image saliency…
Saliency maps are a popular approach to creating post-hoc explanations of image classifier outputs. These methods produce estimates of the relevance of each pixel to the classification output score, which can be displayed as a saliency map…