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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrating memory functionalities to provide personalized and context-aware interactions. However, user understanding, practices and expectations regarding these memory systems are not yet well…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shuning Zhang , Rongjun Ma , Ying Ma , Shixuan Li , Yiqun Xu , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

Recent end-to-end task oriented dialog systems use memory architectures to incorporate external knowledge in their dialogs. Current work makes simplifying assumptions about the structure of the knowledge base, such as the use of triples to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Revanth Reddy , Danish Contractor , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Large Language Models face significant challenges in maintaining coherent interactions over extended dialogues due to their limited contextual memory. This limitation often leads to fragmented exchanges and reduced relevance in responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haseeb Ullah Khan Shinwari , Muhammad Usama

Transformer networks have lead to important progress in language modeling and machine translation. These models include two consecutive modules, a feed-forward layer and a self-attention layer. The latter allows the network to capture long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Edouard Grave , Guillaume Lample , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, since LLMs can only incorporate new knowledge through training or supervised fine-tuning processes, they are unsuitable for applications that…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zongyue Qin , Chen Luo , Zhengyang Wang , Haoming Jiang , Yizhou Sun

We augment recurrent neural networks with an external memory mechanism that builds upon recent progress in metalearning. We conceptualize this memory as a rapidly adaptable function that we parameterize as a deep neural network. Reading…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Alessandro Sordoni , Tong Wang , Adam Trischler

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Intelligence necessitates memory. Without memory, humans fail to perform various nontrivial tasks such as reading novels, playing games or solving maths. As the ultimate goal of machine learning is to derive intelligent systems that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hung Le

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive linguistic capabilities. However, a key limitation persists in their lack of human-like memory faculties. LLMs exhibit constrained memory retention across sequential interactions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jing Guo , Nan Li , Jianchuan Qi , Hang Yang , Ruiqiao Li , Yuzhen Feng , Si Zhang , Ming Xu

The computational complexity of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer models significantly limits their ability to generalize over long temporal durations. Memory-augmentation, or the explicit storing of past information in external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Omri Raccah , Phoebe Chen , Ted L. Willke , David Poeppel , Vy A. Vo

Reasoning is a core capability of large language models, yet how multi-step reasoning is learned and executed remains unclear. We study this question in a controlled cellular-automata (1dCA) framework that excludes memorisation by using…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae

Associative learning--forming links between co-occurring items--is fundamental to human cognition, reshaping internal representations in complex ways. Testing hypotheses on how representational changes occur in biological systems is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Camila Kolling , Vy Ai Vo , Mariya Toneva

While linear attention architectures offer efficient inference, compressing unbounded history into a fixed-size memory inherently limits expressivity and causes information loss. To address this limitation, we introduce Random Access Memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Kaicheng Xiao , Haotian Li , Liran Dong , Guoliang Xing

Stack-augmented recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been of interest to the deep learning community for some time. However, the difficulty of training memory models remains a problem obstructing the widespread use of such models. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yikang Shen , Shawn Tan , Arian Hosseini , Zhouhan Lin , Alessandro Sordoni , Aaron Courville

Transformer-based large language models (LLM) have been widely used in language processing applications. However, due to the memory constraints of the devices, most of them restrict the context window. Even though recurrent models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zifan He , Yingqi Cao , Zongyue Qin , Neha Prakriya , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

One way of introducing sparsity into deep networks is by attaching an external table of parameters that is sparsely looked up at different layers of the network. By storing the bulk of the parameters in the external table, one can increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Cenk Baykal , Dylan J Cutler , Nishanth Dikkala , Nikhil Ghosh , Rina Panigrahy , Xin Wang

Memory retention challenges in deep neural architectures have ongoing limitations in the ability to process and recall extended contextual information. Token dependencies degrade as sequence length increases, leading to a decline in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Frederick Dillon , Gregor Halvorsen , Simon Tattershall , Magnus Rowntree , Gareth Vanderpool