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Algebraic effects and handlers are a powerful abstraction mechanism to represent and implement control effects. In this work, we study their extension with parametric polymorphism that allows abstracting not only expressions but also…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Taro Sekiyama , Atsushi Igarashi

E-RES is a system that implements the Language E, a logic for reasoning about narratives of action occurrences and observations. E's semantics is model-theoretic, but this implementation is based on a sound and complete reformulation of E…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Antonis Kakas , Rob Miller , Francesca Toni

We introduce a type and effect system, for an imperative object calculus, which infers "sharing" possibly introduced by the evaluation of an expression, represented as an equivalence relation among its free variables. This direct…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Paola Giannini , Tim Richter , Marco Servetto , Elena Zucca

Effect handlers have been gathering momentum as a mechanism for modular programming with user-defined effects. Effect handlers allow for non-local control flow mechanisms such as generators, async/await, lightweight threads and coroutines…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-02 KC Sivaramakrishnan , Stephen Dolan , Leo White , Tom Kelly , Sadiq Jaffer , Anil Madhavapeddy

Can we simplify explanations for software analytics? Maybe. Recent results show that systems often exhibit a "keys effect"; i.e. a few key features control the rest. Just to say the obvious, for systems controlled by a few keys, explanation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Tim Menzies , Kewen Peng , Andre Lustosa

Many effect systems for algebraic effect handlers are designed to guarantee that all invoked effects are handled adequately. However, respective researchers have developed their own effect systems that differ in how to represent the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Takuma Yoshioka , Taro Sekiyama , Atsushi Igarashi

The development of programming languages can be quite complicated and costly. Hence, much effort has been devoted to the modular definition of language features that can be reused in various combinations to define new languages and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers , Casper Bach-Poulsen , Nicolas Wu

AI agents that interact with the real world through tool calls pose fundamental safety challenges: agents might leak private information, cause unintended side effects, or be manipulated through prompt injection. To address these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Martin Odersky , Yaoyu Zhao , Yichen Xu , Oliver Bračevac , Cao Nguyen Pham

Types-and-effects are type systems, which allow one to express general semantic properties and to statically reason about program's execution. They have been widely exploited to specify static analyses, for example to track computational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-08-12 Letterio Galletta , Giorgio Levi

Event argument extraction (EAE) aims to identify the arguments of an event and classify the roles that those arguments play. Despite great efforts made in prior work, there remain many challenges: (1) Data scarcity. (2) Capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Jie Ma , Shuai Wang , Rishita Anubhai , Miguel Ballesteros , Yaser Al-Onaizan

The Causal Effect (CE) is a numerical measure of causal influence of variables on observed results. Despite being widely used in many areas, only preliminary attempts have been made to use CE as an attribution score in data management, to…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Felipe Azua , Leopoldo Bertossi

We present Decalf, a directed, effectful cost-aware logical framework for studying quantitative aspects of functional programs with effects. Like Calf, the language is based on an internal phase distinction between the behavior of a program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Harrison Grodin , Yue Niu , Jonathan Sterling , Robert Harper

Variable environment is the time-honored way of making sense of free variables, used in programming language theory as well when writing interpreters and some compilers. Algebraic effects give another way, as was pointed already at HOPE…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Oleg Kiselyov

In this article we present the {\em Constraint Aggregation Language} (CAL), a declarative language for describing properties of stateless program components that interact by exchanging messages. CAL allows one to describe functional as well…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-01-20 Alex Shafarenko , Raimund Kirner

Large language models handle single-turn generation well, but multi-turn interactions still require the model to reconstruct user intent and task state from an expanding token history because internal representations do not persist across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Vishwas Hegde , Vindhya Shigehalli

As popularity of algebraic effects and handlers increases, so does a demand for their efficient execution. Eff, an ML-like language with native support for handlers, has a subtyping-based effect system on which an effect-aware optimizing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-10 Georgios Karachalias , Matija Pretnar , Amr Hany Saleh , Stien Vanderhallen , Tom Schrijvers

A type system is introduced for a generic Object Oriented programming language in order to infer resource upper bounds. A sound andcomplete characterization of the set of polynomial time computable functions is obtained. As a consequence,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Emmanuel Hainry , Romain Péchoux

Inference algorithms for probabilistic programming are complex imperative programs with many moving parts. Efficient inference often requires customising an algorithm to a particular probabilistic model or problem, sometimes called…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Minh Nguyen , Roly Perera , Meng Wang , Steven Ramsay

PIE is a Prolog-embedded environment for automated reasoning on the basis of first-order logic. It includes a versatile formula macro system and supports the creation of documents that intersperse macro definitions, reasoner invocations and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Christoph Wernhard

Call graphs depict the static, caller-callee relation between "functions" in a program. With most source/target languages supporting functions as the primitive unit of composition, call graphs naturally form the fundamental control flow…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ganesh M. Narayan , K. Gopinath , V. Sridhar