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Latent factor models are the driving forces of the state-of-the-art recommender systems, with an important insight of vectorizing raw input features into dense embeddings. The dimensions of different feature embeddings are often set to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Weiyu Cheng , Yanyan Shen , Linpeng Huang

Feature embeddings are one of the most essential steps when training deep learning based Click-Through Rate prediction models, which map high-dimensional sparse features to dense embedding vectors. Classic human-crafted embedding size…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Tesi Xiao , Xia Xiao , Ming Chen , Youlong Chen

Latent factor models are the most popular backbones for today's recommender systems owing to their prominent performance. Latent factor models represent users and items as real-valued embedding vectors for pairwise similarity computation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yunke Qu , Tong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Lizhen Cui , Kai Zheng , Hongzhi Yin

Current recommender systems employ large-sized embedding tables with uniform dimensions for all features, leading to overfitting, high computational cost, and suboptimal generalizing performance. Many techniques aim to solve this issue by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Yakun Yu , Shi-ang Qi , Jiuding Yang , Liyao Jiang , Di Niu

As a crucial component of most modern deep recommender systems, feature embedding maps high-dimensional sparse user/item features into low-dimensional dense embeddings. However, these embeddings are usually assigned a unified dimension,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Liang Qu , Yonghong Ye , Ningzhi Tang , Lixin Zhang , Yuhui Shi , Hongzhi Yin

Embedding techniques have become essential components of large databases in the deep learning era. By encoding discrete entities, such as words, items, or graph nodes, into continuous vector spaces, embeddings facilitate more efficient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shiwei Li , Zhuoqi Hu , Xing Tang , Haozhao Wang , Shijie Xu , Weihong Luo , Yuhua Li , Xiuqiang He , Ruixuan Li

Modern deep learning-based recommendation systems exploit hundreds to thousands of different categorical features, each with millions of different categories ranging from clicks to posts. To respect the natural diversity within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Hao-Jun Michael Shi , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Maxim Naumov , Jiyan Yang

Recommender systems have become an essential component of many online platforms, providing personalized recommendations to users. A crucial aspect is embedding techniques that convert the high-dimensional discrete features, such as user and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Maolin Wang , Xinjian Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Sheng Zhang , Jiansheng Li , Bowen Yu , Binhao Wang , Shucheng Zhou , Dawei Yin , Qing Li , Ruocheng Guo , Xiangyu Zhao

The neural architecture search (NAS) algorithm with reinforcement learning can be a powerful and novel framework for the automatic discovering process of neural architectures. However, its application is restricted by noncontinuous and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Chun-Ting Liu

Recommender systems typically represent users and items by learning their embeddings, which are usually set to uniform dimensions and dominate the model parameters. However, real-world recommender systems often operate in streaming…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yunke Qu , Liang Qu , Tong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

Input features play a crucial role in DNN-based recommender systems with thousands of categorical and continuous fields from users, items, contexts, and interactions. Noisy features and inappropriate embedding dimension assignments can…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yao Yao , Bin Liu , Haoxun He , Dakui Sheng , Ke Wang , Li Xiao , Huanhuan Cao

A key characteristic of deep recommendation models is the immense memory requirements of their embedding tables. These embedding tables can often reach hundreds of gigabytes which increases hardware requirements and training cost. A common…

Dense retrieval, which encodes queries and documents into a single dense vector, has become the dominant neural retrieval approach due to its simplicity and compatibility with fast approximate nearest neighbor algorithms. As the tasks dense…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Julian Killingback , Mahta Rafiee , Madine Manas , Hamed Zamani

With the explosive growth of Internet data, users are facing the problem of information overload, which makes it a challenge to efficiently obtain the required resources. Recommendation systems have emerged in this context. By filtering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wenyi Liu , Rui Wang , Yuanshuai Luo , Jianjun Wei , Zihao Zhao , Junming Huang

With the continuous increase of users and items, conventional recommender systems trained on static datasets can hardly adapt to changing environments. The high-throughput data requires the model to be updated in a timely manner for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Bowei He , Xu He , Renrui Zhang , Yingxue Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Chen Ma

Most real-world data can be modeled as heterogeneous information networks (HINs) consisting of vertices of multiple types and their relationships. Search for similar vertices of the same type in large HINs, such as bibliographic networks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Jingbo Shang , Meng Qu , Jialu Liu , Lance M. Kaplan , Jiawei Han , Jian Peng

Recently, neural models for information retrieval are becoming increasingly popular. They provide effective approaches for product search due to their competitive advantages in semantic matching. However, it is challenging to use…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Yuan Zhang , Dong Wang , Yan Zhang

Dense embedding models are commonly deployed in commercial search engines, wherein all the document vectors are pre-computed, and near-neighbor search (NNS) is performed with the query vector to find relevant documents. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tharun Medini , Beidi Chen , Anshumali Shrivastava

Deep Learning Recommendation Model(DLRM)s utilize the embedding layer to represent various categorical features. Traditional DLRMs adopt unified embedding size for all features, leading to suboptimal performance and redundant parameters.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-13 He Wei , Yuekui Yang , Yang Zhang , Haiyang Wu , Meixi Liu , Shaoping Ma

Dense high dimensional vectors are becoming increasingly vital in fields such as computer vision, machine learning, and large language models (LLMs), serving as standard representations for multimodal data. Now the dimensionality of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhonghan Chen , Ruiyuan Zhang , Xi Zhao , Xiaojun Cheng , Xiaofang Zhou
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