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We consider the well-studied setting of minimizing a convex Lipschitz function using either gradient descent (GD) or its stochastic variant (SGD), and examine the last iterate convergence. By now, it is known that standard stepsize choices…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Guy Kornowski , Ohad Shamir

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been a go-to algorithm for nonconvex stochastic optimization problems arising in machine learning. Its theory however often requires a strong framework to guarantee convergence properties. We hereby…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Azar Louzi

We consider the optimization of a smooth and strongly convex objective using constant step-size stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and study its properties through the prism of Markov chains. We show that, for unbiased gradient estimates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-25 Ibrahim Merad , Stéphane Gaïffas

In this study, we demonstrate that the norm test and inner product/orthogonality test presented in \cite{Bol18} are equivalent in terms of the convergence rates associated with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods if…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Luis Espath , Sebastian Krumscheid , Raúl Tempone , Pedro Vilanova

We study the classical optimization problem $\min_{x \in \mathbb{R}^d} f(x)$ and analyze the gradient descent (GD) method in both nonconvex and convex settings. It is well-known that, under the $L$-smoothness assumption ($\|\nabla^2 f(x)\|…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Alexander Tyurin

Modern machine learning focuses on highly expressive models that are able to fit or interpolate the data completely, resulting in zero training loss. For such models, we show that the stochastic gradients of common loss functions satisfy a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Sharan Vaswani , Francis Bach , Mark Schmidt

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) holds as a classical method to build large scale machine learning models over big data. A stochastic gradient is typically calculated from a limited number of samples (known as mini-batch), so it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-14 Yadong Mu , Wei Liu , Wei Fan

The classical analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with polynomially decaying stepsize $\eta_t = \eta/\sqrt{t}$ relies on well-tuned $\eta$ depending on problem parameters such as Lipschitz smoothness constant, which is often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Junchi Yang , Xiang Li , Ilyas Fatkhullin , Niao He

This paper proposes a thorough theoretical analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with non-increasing step sizes. First, we show that the recursion defining SGD can be provably approximated by solutions of a time inhomogeneous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Xavier Fontaine , Valentin De Bortoli , Alain Durmus

This work considers the problem of finding a first-order stationary point of a non-convex function with potentially unbounded smoothness constant using a stochastic gradient oracle. We focus on the class of $(L_0,L_1)$-smooth functions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-14 Matthew Faw , Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been studied extensively over the past decades due to its simplicity and broad applicability in machine learning. In this work, we analyze the local behavior of gradient descent and stochastic gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Sebastian Kassing , Thomas Kruse

SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) is a popular algorithm for large scale optimization problems due to its low iterative cost. However, SGD can not achieve linear convergence rate as FGD (Full Gradient Descent) because of the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Aixiang Chen , Bingchuan Chen , Xiaolong Chai , Rui Bian , Hengguang Li

Stochastic gradient descent is the method of choice for large scale optimization of machine learning objective functions. Yet, its performance is greatly variable and heavily depends on the choice of the stepsizes. This has motivated a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-28 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona

We consider optimizing a function smooth convex function $f$ that is the average of a set of differentiable functions $f_i$, under the assumption considered by Solodov [1998] and Tseng [1998] that the norm of each gradient $f_i'$ is bounded…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-08-30 Mark Schmidt , Nicolas Le Roux

We study the problem of minimizing a relatively-smooth convex function using stochastic Bregman gradient methods. We first prove the convergence of Bregman Stochastic Gradient Descent (BSGD) to a region that depends on the noise (magnitude…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Radu-Alexandru Dragomir , Mathieu Even , Hadrien Hendrikx

We propose a new stochastic gradient method for optimizing the sum of a finite set of smooth functions, where the sum is strongly convex. While standard stochastic gradient methods converge at sublinear rates for this problem, the proposed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Nicolas Le Roux , Mark Schmidt , Francis Bach

We propose a novel study of the stochastic proximal gradient method for minimizing the sum of two convex functions, one of which is smooth. Under suitable assumptions and without requiring any boundedness or control of the variance of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Javier I. Madariaga

Stochastic optimization algorithms with variance reduction have proven successful for minimizing large finite sums of functions. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to deal with stochastic perturbations of input data, induced for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Alberto Bietti , Julien Mairal

We propose a general yet simple theorem describing the convergence of SGD under the arbitrary sampling paradigm. Our theorem describes the convergence of an infinite array of variants of SGD, each of which is associated with a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Robert Mansel Gower , Nicolas Loizou , Xun Qian , Alibek Sailanbayev , Egor Shulgin , Peter Richtarik

We propose a projected semi-stochastic gradient descent method with mini-batch for improving both the theoretical complexity and practical performance of the general stochastic gradient descent method (SGD). We are able to prove linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Jie Liu , Martin Takac