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Legged robots have significant potential to operate in highly unstructured environments. The design of locomotion control is, however, still challenging. Currently, controllers must be either manually designed for specific robots and tasks,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Mathias Thor , Poramate Manoonpong

Learning highly dynamic behaviors for robots has been a longstanding challenge. Traditional approaches have demonstrated robust locomotion, but the exhibited behaviors lack diversity and agility. They employ approximate models, which lead…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Chong Zhang , Jiapeng Sheng , Tingguang Li , He Zhang , Cheng Zhou , Qingxu Zhu , Rui Zhao , Yizheng Zhang , Lei Han

Recently reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for quadrupedal locomotion, which can save the manual effort in conventional approaches such as designing skill-specific controllers. However, due to the complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Haojie Shi , Bo Zhou , Hongsheng Zeng , Fan Wang , Yueqiang Dong , Jiangyong Li , Kang Wang , Hao Tian , Max Q. -H. Meng

Dynamic locomotion of legged robots is a critical yet challenging topic in expanding the operational range of mobile robots. It requires precise planning when possible footholds are sparse, robustness against uncertainties and disturbances,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Junzhe He , Chong Zhang , Fabian Jenelten , Ruben Grandia , Moritz BÄcher , Marco Hutter

We introduce Reduced-Order Model-Guided Reinforcement Learning (ROM-GRL), a two-stage reinforcement learning framework for humanoid walking that requires no motion capture data or elaborate reward shaping. In the first stage, a compact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Shuai Liu , Meng Cheng Lau

In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning approach to address the mapless navigation problem, in which the locomotion actions of a humanoid robot are taken online based on the knowledge encoded in learned models.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Andre Brandenburger , Diego Rodriguez , Sven Behnke

Wheeled-legged robots have the potential for highly agile and versatile locomotion. The combination of legs and wheels might be a solution for any real-world application requiring rapid, and long-distance mobility skills on challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Marko Bjelonic , Prajish K. Sankar , C. Dario Bellicoso , Heike Vallery , Marco Hutter

Planning safe motions for legged robots requires sophisticated safety verification tools. However, designing such tools for such complex systems is challenging due to the nonlinear and high-dimensional nature of these systems' dynamics. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Junhyeok Ahn , Seung Hyeon Bang , Carlos Gonzalez , Yuanchen Yuan , Luis Sentis

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant strides in legged robot control, enabling locomotion across diverse terrains and complex loco-manipulation capabilities. However, the commonly used position or velocity tracking-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Botian Xu , Haoyang Weng , Qingzhou Lu , Yang Gao , Huazhe Xu

We present an online model-based reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for controlling complex robotic systems directly in the real world. Unlike prevailing sim-to-real pipelines that rely on extensive offline simulation and model-free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fang Nan , Hao Ma , Qinghua Guan , Josie Hughes , Michael Muehlebach , Marco Hutter

In this paper, we propose a novel framework on force-and-moment-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) for dynamic legged robots. Specifically, we present a formulation of MPC designed for 10 degree-of-freedom (DoF) bipedal robots using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Junheng Li , Quan Nguyen

Accurately predicting the dynamics of robotic systems is crucial for model-based control and reinforcement learning. The most common way to estimate dynamics is by fitting a one-step ahead prediction model and using it to recursively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Nathan O. Lambert , Albert Wilcox , Howard Zhang , Kristofer S. J. Pister , Roberto Calandra

Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Accurate state estimation plays a critical role in ensuring the robust control of humanoid robots, particularly in the context of learning-based control policies for legged robots. However, there is a notable gap in analytical research…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhicheng Wang , Wandi Wei , Ruiqi Yu , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

Legged locomotion is a challenging task for learning algorithms, especially when the task requires a diverse set of primitive behaviors. To solve these problems, we introduce a hierarchical framework to automatically decompose complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Deepali Jain , Atil Iscen , Ken Caluwaerts

Robust closed-loop locomotion remains challenging for soft quadruped robots due to high-dimensional dynamics, actuator hysteresis, and difficult-to-model contact interactions, while conventional proprioception provides limited information…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Storm de Kam , Ebrahim Shahabi , Cosimo Della Santina

In this paper, with a view toward deployment of light-weight control frameworks for bipedal walking robots, we realize end-foot trajectories that are shaped by a single linear feedback policy. We learn this policy via a model-free and a…

Locomotion has seen dramatic progress for walking or running across challenging terrains. However, robotic quadrupeds are still far behind their biological counterparts, such as dogs, which display a variety of agile skills and can use the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Xuxin Cheng , Ashish Kumar , Deepak Pathak

We present a new open-source torque-controlled legged robot system, with a low-cost and low-complexity actuator module at its core. It consists of a high-torque brushless DC motor and a low-gear-ratio transmission suitable for impedance and…

We present a methodology for fast prototyping of morphologies and controllers for robot locomotion. Going beyond simulation-based approaches, we argue that the form and function of a robot, as well as their interplay with real-world…