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Gaits and transitions are key components in legged locomotion. For legged robots, describing and reproducing gaits as well as transitions remain longstanding challenges. Reinforcement learning has become a powerful tool to formulate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Yecheng Shao , Yongbin Jin , Xianwei Liu , Weiyan He , Hongtao Wang , Wei Yang

While quadruped robots usually have good stability and load capacity, bipedal robots offer a higher level of flexibility / adaptability to different tasks and environments. A multi-modal legged robot can take the best of both worlds. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Chen Yu , Andre Rosendo

Legged robots are able to navigate complex terrains by continuously interacting with the environment through careful selection of contact sequences and timings. However, the combinatorial nature behind contact planning hinders the…

The semantics of the environment, such as the terrain type and property, reveals important information for legged robots to adjust their behaviors. In this work, we present a framework that learns semantics-aware locomotion skills from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuxiang Yang , Xiangyun Meng , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang , Jie Tan , Byron Boots

This paper presents a novel framework for learning robust bipedal walking by combining a data-driven state representation with a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based locomotion policy. The framework utilizes an autoencoder to learn a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

Quadruped locomotion provides a natural setting for understanding when model-free learning can outperform model-based control design, by exploiting data patterns to bypass the difficulty of optimizing over discrete contacts and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ruipeng Zhang , Hongzhan Yu , Ya-Chien Chang , Chenghao Li , Henrik I. Christensen , Sicun Gao

For legged robots to match the athletic capabilities of humans and animals, they must not only produce robust periodic walking and running, but also seamlessly switch between nominal locomotion gaits and more specialized transient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Fangzhou Yu , Ryan Batke , Jeremy Dao , Jonathan Hurst , Kevin Green , Alan Fern

Legged robots have enormous potential in their range of capabilities, from navigating unstructured terrains to high-speed running. However, designing robust controllers for highly agile dynamic motions remains a substantial challenge for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Laura Smith , J. Chase Kew , Tianyu Li , Linda Luu , Xue Bin Peng , Sehoon Ha , Jie Tan , Sergey Levine

Dynamic walking on bipedal robots has evolved from an idea in science fiction to a practical reality. This is due to continued progress in three key areas: a mathematical understanding of locomotion, the computational ability to encode this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Jenna Reher , Aaron D. Ames

Achieving controlled jumping behaviour for a quadruped robot is a challenging task, especially when introducing passive compliance in mechanical design. This study addresses this challenge via imitation-based deep reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Georgios Apostolides , Wei Pan , Jens Kober , Cosimo Della Santina , Jiatao Ding

Legged robots must achieve both robust locomotion and energy efficiency to be practical in real-world environments. Yet controllers trained in simulation often fail to transfer reliably, and most existing approaches neglect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Filip Bjelonic , Fabian Tischhauser , Marco Hutter

In this paper, a hierarchical and robust framework for learning bipedal locomotion is presented and successfully implemented on the 3D biped robot Digit built by Agility Robotics. We propose a cascade-structure controller that combines the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

Legged robots are promising candidates for exploring challenging areas on low-gravity bodies such as the Moon, Mars, or asteroids, thanks to their advanced mobility on unstructured terrain. However, as planetary robots' power and thermal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Philip Arm , Oliver Fischer , Joseph Church , Adrian Fuhrer , Hendrik Kolvenbach , Marco Hutter

We present a footstep planning policy for quadrupedal locomotion that is able to directly take into consideration a-priori safety information in its decisions. At its core, a learning process analyzes terrain patches, classifying each…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Shafeef Omar , Lorenzo Amatucci , Victor Barasuol , Giulio Turrisi , Claudio Semini

This paper introduces a new approach to enhance the robustness of humanoid walking under strong perturbations, such as substantial pushes. Effective recovery from external disturbances requires bipedal robots to dynamically adjust their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tobias Egle , Yashuai Yan , Dongheui Lee , Christian Ott

Deep reinforcement learning produces robust locomotion policies for legged robots over challenging terrains. To date, few studies have leveraged model-based methods to combine these locomotion skills with the precise control of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Yuntao Ma , Farbod Farshidian , Takahiro Miki , Joonho Lee , Marco Hutter

Among small-scale mobile robots, multi-modal locomotion can help compensate for limited actuator capabilities. However, supporting multiple locomotion modes or gaits in small terrestrial robots typically requires complex designs with low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Dingkun Guo , Larissa Wermers , Kenn R. Oldham

This paper presents a control framework that combines model-based optimal control and reinforcement learning (RL) to achieve versatile and robust legged locomotion. Our approach enhances the RL training process by incorporating on-demand…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Dongho Kang , Jin Cheng , Miguel Zamora , Fatemeh Zargarbashi , Stelian Coros

Multi-legged robots deployed in complex missions are susceptible to physical damage in their legs, impairing task performance and potentially compromising mission success. This letter presents a rapid, training-free damage recovery…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Sahand Farghdani , Robin Chhabra

Precise trajectory tracking for legged robots can be challenging due to their high degrees of freedom, unmodeled nonlinear dynamics, or random disturbances from the environment. A commonly adopted solution to overcome these challenges is to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jing Cheng , Yasser G. Alqaham , Amit K. Sanyal , Zhenyu Gan