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Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is a key predictor of climate change. However, it is not very well constrained, either by climate models or by observational data. The reasons for this include strong internal variability and forcing on…
The physical principles governing the planetary atmospheres are briefly introduced in the first part of this chapter, moving from the examples of Solar System bodies. Namely, the concepts of collisional regime, balance equations,…
The diversity of planetary systems that have been discovered are revealing the plethora of possible architectures, providing insights into planet formation and evolution. They also increase our understanding of system parameters that may…
Climate exhibits a vast range of dissipative structures. Some have characteristic times of a few days; others evolve on thousands of years. All these structures are interdependent; in other words, they communicate. It is often considered…
In nature, objects which are in thermal contact with each other, usually approach the same temperature, unless a heat source (or sink) cherishes a persistent flow of heat. Accordingly, in a well-isolated apartment flat, most items are at a…
In neuroscience, optics and condensed matter there is ample physical evidence for multistable dynamical systems, that is, systems with a large number of attractors. The known mathematical mechanisms that lead to multiple attractors are…
The recent discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets and super-Earths extending over a broad range of orbital and physical parameters suggest that these planets will span a wide range of climatic regimes. Characterization of the atmospheres of…
Exoplanetary science continues to excite and surprise with its rich diversity. We discuss here some key aspects potentially influencing the range of exoplanetary terrestrial-type atmospheres which could exist in nature. We are motivated by…
A system of N unidimensional global coupled maps (GCM), which support multiattractors is studied. We analize the phase diagram and some special features of the transitions (volume ratios and characteristic exponents), by controlling the…
A broad range of nonlinear processes over networks are governed by threshold dynamics. So far, existing mathematical theory characterizing the behavior of such systems has largely been concerned with the case where the thresholds are…
We consider super-Earth sized planets which have a water mass fraction that is large enough to form an external mantle composed of high pressure water ice polymorphs and that lack a substantial H/He atmosphere. We consider such planets in…
The TRAPPIST-1 system provides an extraordinary opportunity to study multiple terrestrial extrasolar planets and their atmospheres. Here we use the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 4 to study the…
Despite their apparent simplicity, random Boolean networks display a rich variety of dynamical behaviors. Much work has been focused on the properties and abundance of attractors. We here derive an expression for the number of attractors in…
Previous results have shown that a large class of complex systems consisting of many interacting heterogeneous phase oscillators exhibit an attracting invariant manifold. This result has enabled reduced analytic system descriptions from…
We prove the existence of a compact, finite dimensional, global attractor for a coupled PDE system comprising a nonlinearly damped semilinear wave equation and a nonlinear system of thermoelastic plate equations, without any mechanical…
Network theory provides various tools for investigating the structural or functional topology of many complex systems found in nature, technology and society. Nevertheless, it has recently been realised that a considerable number of systems…
Multistability is a phenomenon prevalent in many natural systems. In climate, for example, it allows the possibility of irreversible consequences on planetary scale as a result of climate change. Indeed, a climate ``tipping element'' is a…
How large ecosystems can create and maintain the remarkable biodiversity we see in nature is probably one of the biggest open questions in science, attracting attention from different fields, from Theoretical Ecology to Mathematics and…
Three-body interactions have been found in physics, biology, and sociology. To investigate their effect on dynamical systems, as a first step, we study numerically and theoretically a system of phase oscillators with three-body interaction.…
We study three interacting dark energy models within the framework of four-dimensional General Relativity and a spatially flat Universe. In particular, we first consider two vacuum models where dark energy interacts with dark matter, while…