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Flash memory devices are winning the competition for storage density against magnetic recording devices. This outcome results from advances in physics that allow storage of more than one bit per cell, coupled with advances in signal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Ahmed Hareedy , Beyza Dabak , Robert Calderbank

In this paper, we propose a neural window decoder (NWD) for spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes. The proposed NWD retains the conventional window decoder (WD) process but incorporates trainable neural weights. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Dae-Young Yun , Hee-Youl Kwak , Yongjune Kim , Sang-Hyo Kim , Jong-Seon No

The subblock energy-constrained codes (SECCs) and sliding window-constrained codes (SWCCs) have recently attracted attention due to various applications in communcation systems such as simultaneous energy and information transfer. In a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Tuan Thanh Nguyen , Kui Cai , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

PCM is a popular backing memory for DRAM main memory in tiered memory systems. PCM has asymmetric access energy; writes dominate reads. MLC asymmetry can vary by an order of magnitude. Many schemes have been developed to take advantage of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Stephen Longofono , Seyed Mohammad Seyedzadeh , Alex K. Jones

NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

In this study, a novel coding scheme called highdensity coding based on high-density codebooks using a genetic local search algorithm is proposed. The high-density codebook maximizes the energy transfer capability by maximizing the ratio of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-21 Dongheon Lee , Gyuyeol Kong , Jang-Won Lee , Sooyong Choi

We show how the iterative decoding threshold of tailbiting spatially coupled (SC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles can be improved over the binary input additive white Gaussian noise channel by allowing the use of different…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Thomas Jerkovits , Gianluigi Liva , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Several emerging non-volatile (NV) memory technologies are rising as interesting alternatives to build the Last-Level Cache (LLC). Their advantages, compared to SRAM memory, are higher density and lower static power, but write operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Carlos Escuin , Pablo Ibañez , Teresa Monreal , Jose M. Llaberia , Victor Viñals

Hybrid Solid-State Drives (SSDs), which integrate several types of flash cells (e.g., single-level cell (SLC) and multiple-level cell (MLC)) in a single drive and enable them to convert between each other, are designed to deliver both high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qian Wei , Yi Li , Zehao Chen , Zhaoyan Shen , Dongxiao Yu , Bingzhe Li

3D NAND flash memory with advanced multi-level cell techniques provides high storage density, but suffers from significant performance degradation due to a large number of read-retry operations. Although the read-retry mechanism is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Myoungjun Chun , Lois Orosa , Jihong Kim , Onur Mutlu

A network coding-based scheme is proposed to improve the energy efficiency of distributed storage systems in WSNs (wireless sensor networks), which mainly focuses on two problems: firstly, consideration is given to effective distributed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Wang Lei , Yang Yuwang , Zhao Wei , Lu Wei

For improving coarsely quantized decoding of LDPC codes, we propose a check node aware design of the variable node update. In contrast to previous works, we optimize the variable node to explicitly maximize the mutual information preserved…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Philipp Mohr , Gerhard Bauch

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Despite extensive efforts to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and safety rules, jailbreak attacks that exploit certain vulnerabilities continuously emerge, highlighting the need to strengthen existing LLMs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xuekang Wang , Shengyu Zhu , Xueqi Cheng

This paper investigates the application of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to Flash memories. Multiple cell reads with distinct word-line voltages provide limited-precision soft information for the LDPC decoder. The values of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-02 Jiadong Wang , Guiqiang Dong , Thomas Courtade , Hari Shankar , Tong Zhang , Richard Wesel

In order to meet the needs of high performance computing (HPC) in terms of large memory, high throughput and energy savings, the non-volatile memory (NVM) has been widely studied due to its salient features of high density, near-zero…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Jianming Huang , Yu Hua , Pengfei Zuo , Wen Zhou , Fangting Huang

3D NAND flash memory with advanced multi-level cell techniques provides high storage density, but suffers from significant performance degradation due to a large number of read-retry operations. Although the read-retry mechanism is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Myoungjun Chun , Lois Orosa , Jihong Kim , Onur Mutlu

The realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing is expected to hinge on quantum error-correcting codes. In the quest for more efficient quantum fault tolerance, a critical code parameter is the weight of measurements that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Austin Yubo He , Zi-Wen Liu

In recent years, due to the spread of multi-level non-volatile memories (NVM), $q$-ary write-once memories (WOM) codes have been extensively studied. By using WOM codes, it is possible to rewrite NVMs $t$ times before erasing the cells. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-18 Evyatar Hemo , Yuval Cassuto

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally analyzing, exploiting, and addressing vulnerabilities in multi-level cell NAND flash memory programming, which was published in the industrial session of HPCA 2017, and examines the work's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Yixin Luo , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu , Erich F. Haratsch