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The recently introduced class of Wheeler graphs, inspired by the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) of a given string, admits an efficient index data structure for searching for subpaths with a given path label, and lifts the applicability of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jarno Alanko , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Indexing highly repetitive strings (i.e., strings with many repetitions) for fast queries has become a central research topic in string processing, because it has a wide variety of applications in bioinformatics and natural language…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

A weight based dynamic compression method has recently been proposed, which is especially suitable for the encoding of files with locally skewed distributions. Its main idea is to assign larger weights to closer to be encoded symbols by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Aharon Fruchtman , Yoav Gross , Shmuel T. Klein , Dana Shapira

The positional Burrows-Wheeler Transform (PBWT) is commonly used to store haplotype panels compactly in such a way that, given a query haplotype, we can quickly find the set maximal exact matches (SMEMs) between the query and the haplotypes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Travis Gagie

A bit catastrophe, loosely defined, is when a change in just one character of a string causes a significant change in the size of the compressed string. We study this phenomenon for the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), a string transform at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sara Giuliani , Shunsuke Inenaga , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

We investigate properties of the bijective Burrows-Wheeler transform (BBWT). We show that for any string $w$, a bidirectional macro scheme of size $O(r_B)$ can be induced from the BBWT of $w$, where $r_B$ is the number of maximal character…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Golnaz Badkobeh , Hideo Bannai , Dominik Köppl

We study how the application of injective morphisms affects the number $r$ of equal-letter runs in the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT). This parameter has emerged as a key repetitiveness measure in compressed indexing. We focus on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Gabriele Fici , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

Motivation: Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a common component in full-text indices. Initially developed for data compression, it is particularly powerful for encoding redundant sequences such as pangenome data. However, BWT construction…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-10 Heng Li

In this paper we study the number $r_{bwt}$ of equal-letter runs produced by the Burrows-Wheeler transform ($BWT$) when it is applied to purely morphic finite words, which are words generated by iterating prolongable morphisms. Such a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Andrea Frosini , Ilaria Mancini , Simone Rinaldi , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino

The notion of Wheeler languages is rooted in the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), one of the most central concepts in data compression and indexing. The BWT has been generalized to finite automata, the so-called Wheeler automata, by Gagie…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ruben Becker , Giuseppa Castiglione , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza , Antonio Restivo , Brian Riccardi

The compression of highly repetitive strings (i.e., strings with many repetitions) has been a central research topic in string processing, and quite a few compression methods for these strings have been proposed thus far. Among them, an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Takaaki Nishimoto , Shunsuke Kanda , Yasuo Tabei

With the rapid growing of data and number of applications, there is a crucial need of dictionary based reversible transformation techniques to increase the efficiency of the compression algorithms and hence contribute towards the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-20 R. R. Baruah , V. Deka , M. P. Bhuyan

Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

The Lempel-Ziv factorization (LZ77) and the Run-Length encoded Burrows-Wheeler Transform (RLBWT) are two important tools in text compression and indexing, being their sizes $z$ and $r$ closely related to the amount of text…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

We propose algorithms that, given the input string of length $n$ over integer alphabet of size $\sigma$, construct the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), the permuted longest-common-prefix (PLCP) array, and the LZ77 parsing in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa

Until recently, most experts would probably have agreed we cannot backwards-step in constant time with a run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler Transform (RLBWT), since doing so relies on rank queries on sparse bitvectors and those inherit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Nathaniel K. Brown , Travis Gagie , Massimiliano Rossi

Indexing of very large collections of strings such as those produced by the widespread sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multi-string generalizations of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), and for this problem various in-memory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Serena Nicosia , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

The Burrows Wheeler transform has applications in data compression as well as full text indexing. Despite its important applications and various existing algorithmic approaches the construction of the transform for large data sets is still…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-25 German Tischler

Recently, Holt and McMillan [Bionformatics 2014, ACM-BCB 2014] have proposed a simple and elegant algorithm to merge the Burrows-Wheeler transforms of a family of strings. In this paper we show that the H&M algorithm can be improved so…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Giovanni Manzini