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Related papers: Envelopes of embedded super-Earths I. Two-dimensio…

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We study a solid protoplanetary core of 1-10 earth masses migrating through a disk. We suppose the core luminosity is generated as a result of planetesimal accretion and calculate the structure of the gaseous envelope assuming equilibrium.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Papaloizou , C. Terquem

We investigate the migration of a low-mass ($\lesssim 10 M_\oplus$) planet near the inner edge of a protoplanetary disc using two-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics simulations. We employ an inner boundary condition representing the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Ryan Miranda , Dong Lai

The omnipresence of super-Earths suggests that they are able to be retained in natal disks around low-mass stars, whereas exoplanets' mass distribution indicates that some cores have transformed into gas giants through runaway gas accretion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Yi-Xian Chen , Ya-Ping Li , Hui Li , Douglas N. C. Lin

Giant planets are believed to host central dense rocky/icy cores that are key actors in the core-accretion scenario for their formation. In the same time, some of their components are unstable in the temperature and pressure regimes of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-20 S. Mathis

The solar and extra solar gas giants appear to have diverse internal structure and metallicities. We examine a potential cause for these dispersions in the context of the conventional sequential accretion formation scenario. In principle,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Ji-Lin Zhou , Douglas N. C. Lin

We investigate the planetary migration of low-mass planets ($M_p\in[1,15]M_\oplus$, here $M_\oplus$ is the Earth mass) in a gaseous disc containing a previously formed gap. We perform high-resolution 3D simulations with the FARGO3D code. To…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 Raúl O. Chametla , F. J. Sánchez-Salcedo , Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz , Carlos Carrasco-González , Ondrej Chrenko

Observations support the hypothesis that gas disk gravitational instability might explain the formation of massive or wide-orbit gas giant exoplanets. The situation with regard to Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting within $\sim$ 20 au is more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Alan P. Boss

The Cassini and Juno probes have revealed large coherent cyclonic vortices in the polar regions of Saturn and Jupiter, a dramatic contrast from the east-west banded jet structure seen at lower latitudes. Debate has centered on whether the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Ferran Garcia , Frank R. N. Chambers , Anna L. Watts

Models of core accretion assume that in the radiative zones of accreting gas envelopes, radiation diffuses. But super-Earths/sub-Neptunes (1-4$R_\oplus$, 2-20$M_\oplus$) point to formation conditions that are optically thin: their modest…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Eve J. Lee , Eugene Chiang , Jason W. Ferguson

We describe a coagulation model that leads to the rapid formation of super-Earths and the cores of gas giant planets. Interaction of collision fragments with the gaseous disk is the crucial element of this model. The gas entrains small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

We simulate the early stages of the evolution of turbulent, virialized, high-mass protostellar cores, with primary attention to how cores fragment, and whether they form a small or large number of protostars. Our simulations use the Orion…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Mark R. Krumholz , Richard I. Klein , Christopher F. McKee

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

Many protostellar disks show central cavities, rings, or spiral arms likely caused by low-mass stellar or planetary companions, yet few such features are conclusively tied to bodies embedded in the disks. We note that even small features on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-05 Andrea Isella , Neal Turner

When the primary star in a close binary system evolves into a giant and engulfs its companion, its core and the companion temporarily orbit each other inside a common envelope. Drag forces transfer orbital energy and angular momentum to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-15 Friedrich K. Roepke , Orsola De Marco

We explore whether close-in super-Earths were formed as rocky bodies that failed to grow fast enough to become the cores of gas giants before the natal protostellar disk dispersed. We model the failed cores' inward orbital migration in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Yasuhiro Hasegawa

During their formative stages, giant planets are fed by infalling material sourced from the background circumstellar disk. Due to conservation of angular momentum, the incoming gas and dust collects into a circumplanetary disk that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-10 Aster G. Taylor , Fred C. Adams , Nuria Calvet

This work explores the morphology and dynamical properties of cores within rich superclusters, highlighting their role as transitional structures in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Using projected and radial velocity…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-18 J. M. Zúñiga , C. A. Caretta , H. Andernach

We study the evolution of an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disk using the 3D-Radiation Hydro code TRAMP, and treat the thermodynamics of the gas properly in three dimensions. The primary interest of this work lies in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 H. Klahr , W. Kley

We review our current understanding on the outer envelope structures of massive stars based on three dimensional (3D) radiation hydrodynamic simulations. We briefly summarize the fundamental issues to construct hydrostatic one dimensional…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-16 Yan-Fei Jiang

The evolution of protoplanetary discs embedded in stellar clusters depends on the age and the stellar density in which they are embedded. Stellar clusters of young age and high stellar surface density destroy protoplanetary discs by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua