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The Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) provides a flexible approach for non-linear dimensionality reduction that has been widely applied. However, the current approach for training GP-LVMs is based on maximum likelihood, where…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-09-09 Andreas C. Damianou , Michalis K. Titsias , Neil D. Lawrence

The Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM) is a popular probabilistic method used for nonlinear dimension reduction, matrix factorization, and state-space modeling. Inference for GPLVMs is computationally tractable only when the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Michael Minyi Zhang , Gregory W. Gundersen , Barbara E. Engelhardt

Gaussian process latent variable models (GPLVMs) are a versatile family of unsupervised learning models commonly used for dimensionality reduction. However, common challenges in modeling data with GPLVMs include inadequate kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-19 Ying Li , Zhidi Lin , Feng Yin , Michael Minyi Zhang

The multi-view Gaussian process latent variable model (MV-GPLVM) aims to learn a unified representation from multi-view data but is hindered by challenges such as limited kernel expressiveness and low computational efficiency. To overcome…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Zi Yang , Ying Li , Zhidi Lin , Michael Minyi Zhang , Pablo M. Olmos

Gaussian process latent variable models (GPLVM) are a flexible and non-linear approach to dimensionality reduction, extending classical Gaussian processes to an unsupervised learning context. The Bayesian incarnation of the GPLVM Titsias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Vidhi Lalchand , Aditya Ravuri , Neil D. Lawrence

The interpretation of complex high-dimensional data typically requires the use of dimensionality reduction techniques to extract explanatory low-dimensional representations. However, in many real-world problems these representations may not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-25 Kaspar Märtens , Kieran R. Campbell , Christopher Yau

Density modeling is notoriously difficult for high dimensional data. One approach to the problem is to search for a lower dimensional manifold which captures the main characteristics of the data. Recently, the Gaussian Process Latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-07-14 Hannes Nickisch , Carl Edward Rasmussen

Clinical patient records are an example of high-dimensional data that is typically collected from disparate sources and comprises of multiple likelihoods with noisy as well as missing values. In this work, we propose an unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Siddharth Ramchandran , Miika Koskinen , Harri Lähdesmäki

The Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GP-LVM) is a non-linear probabilistic method of embedding a high dimensional dataset in terms low dimensional `latent' variables. In this paper we illustrate that maximum a posteriori (MAP)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-02 James Barrett , Anthony C. C. Coolen

Latent variable models (LVMs) learn probabilistic models of data manifolds lying in an \emph{ambient} Euclidean space. In a number of applications, a priori known spatial constraints can shrink the ambient space into a considerably smaller…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-26 Anton Mallasto , Søren Hauberg , Aasa Feragen

The Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) is a popular approach to non-linear probabilistic dimensionality reduction. One design choice for the model is the number of latent variables. We present a spike and slab prior for the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-12 Zhenwen Dai , James Hensman , Neil Lawrence

In nonlinear latent variable models or dynamic models, if we consider the latent variables as confounders (common causes), the noise dependencies imply further relations between the observed variables. Such models are then closely related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Kun Zhang , Bernhard Schoelkopf , Dominik Janzing

This work develops a Bayesian non-parametric approach to signal separation where the signals may vary according to latent variables. Our key contribution is to augment Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models (GPLVMs) for the case where each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-20 James Odgers , Ruby Sedgwick , Chrysoula Kappatou , Ruth Misener , Sarah Filippi

Gaussian process-based latent variable models are flexible and theoretically grounded tools for nonlinear dimension reduction, but generalizing to non-Gaussian data likelihoods within this nonlinear framework is statistically challenging.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-22 Gregory W. Gundersen , Michael Minyi Zhang , Barbara E. Engelhardt

We present the Mixed Likelihood Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM), capable of modeling data with attributes of different types. The standard formulation of GP-LVM assumes that each observation is drawn from a Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Samuel Murray , Hedvig Kjellström

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) learn joint representations by mapping images and text into a shared latent space. However, recent research highlights that deterministic embeddings from standard VLMs often struggle to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aishwarya Venkataramanan , Paul Bodesheim , Joachim Denzler

We propose a novel probabilistic framework, termed LVM-GP, for uncertainty quantification in solving forward and inverse partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy data. The core idea is to construct a stochastic mapping from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-31 Xiaodong Feng , Ling Guo , Xiaoliang Wan , Hao Wu , Tao Zhou , Wenwen Zhou

We would like to learn latent representations that are low-dimensional and highly interpretable. A model that has these characteristics is the Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model. The benefits and negative of the GP-LVM are complementary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-19 Erik Bodin , Iman Malik , Carl Henrik Ek , Neill D. F. Campbell

The Gaussian process state-space model (GPSSM) has garnered considerable attention over the past decade. However, the standard GP with a preliminary kernel, such as the squared exponential kernel or Mat\'{e}rn kernel, that is commonly used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhid Lin , Feng Yin , Juan Maroñas

Estimating covariances between financial assets plays an important role in risk management. In practice, when the sample size is small compared to the number of variables, the empirical estimate is known to be very unstable. Here, we…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Rajbir-Singh Nirwan , Nils Bertschinger
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