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A $2$-distance $k$-coloring of a graph is a proper $k$-coloring of the vertices where vertices at distance at most 2 cannot share the same color. We prove the existence of a $2$-distance ($\Delta+1$)-coloring for graphs with maximum average…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Hoang La , Mickael Montassier

We consider the chromatic number of the random Borsuk graph. The random Borsuk graph is obtained by sampling $n$ points i.i.d. uniformly at random on the $d$-dimensional sphere $S^d$, and joining a pair of points by an edge whenever their…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Álvaro Acitores Montero , Matthias Irlbeck , Tobias Müller , Matěj Stehlík

For a graph $G$ with a list assignment $L$ and two $L$-colorings $\alpha$ and $\beta$, an $L$-recoloring sequence from $\alpha$ to $\beta$ is a sequence of proper $L$-colorings where consecutive colorings differ at exactly one vertex. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Chenran Pan , Weifan Wang , Runrun Liu

For a positive integer $k$, the $k$-recolouring graph of a graph $G$ has as vertex set all proper $k$-colourings of $G$ with two $k$-colourings being adjacent if they differ by the colour of exactly one vertex. A result of Dyer et al.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Valentin Bartier , Nicolas Bousquet , Carl Feghali , Marc Heinrich , Benjamin Moore , Théo Pierron

The equitable tree-coloring can formulate a structure decomposition problem on the communication network with some security considerations. Namely, an equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex coloring using $k$ distinct colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Xin Zhang , Bei Niu , Yan Li , Bi Li

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree~$\Delta$. Brooks' Theorem states that $G$ has a $\Delta$-colouring unless~$G$ is a complete graph, or a cycle with an odd number of vertices. To recolour $G$ is to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-26 Carl Feghali , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma

A new algorithm for exactly sampling from the set of proper colorings of a graph is presented. This is the first such algorithm that has an expected running time that is guaranteed to be linear in the size of a graph with maximum degree \(…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Kritika Bhandari , Mark Huber

In this paper we determine the chromatic number of graphs with two odd cycle lengths. Let $G$ be a graph and $L(G)$ be the set of all odd cycle lengths of $G$. We prove that: (1) If $L(G)=\{3,3+2l\}$, where $l\geq 2$, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-01 Jie Ma , Bo Ning

A vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is said to be a 2-distance coloring if any two vertices at distance at most $2$ from each other receive different colors, and the least number of colors for which $G$ admits a $2$-distance coloring is known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Zakir Deniz

Let $k, d$ ($2d \leq k)$ be two positive integers. We generalize the well studied notions of $(k,d)$-colorings and of the circular chromatic number $\chi_c$ to signed graphs. This implies a new notion of colorings of signed graphs, and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-16 Yingli Kang , Eckhard Steffen

A graph $G$ is $(d_1,\ldots,d_k)$-colorable if its vertex set can be partitioned into $k$ sets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$, such that for each $i\in\{1, \ldots, k\}$, the subgraph of $G$ induced by $V_i$ has maximum degree at most $d_i$. The Four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-18 Ilkyoo Choi , Louis Esperet

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ is totally multicolored is known as a proper coloring and a coloring of the edges of $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ and every $K_{2,2}$ is totally multicolored is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

We study the following question: Given are two $k$-colorings $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, and integer $\ell$. The question is whether $\alpha$ can be modified into $\beta$, by recoloring vertices one at a time, while…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-17 Paul Bonsma , Amer E. Mouawad

Given a graph or multigraph $G$, let $\chi'_{trans}(G)$ denote the minimum integer $n$ such that any proper $\chi'(G)$--edge coloring of $G$ can be transformed into any other proper $\chi'(G)$--edge coloring of $G$ by a series of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren

Let $c_1, c_2, \cdots, c_k$ be $k$ non-negative integers. A graph $G$ is $(c_1, c_2, \cdots, c_k)$-colorable if the vertex set can be partitioned into $k$ sets $V_1,V_2, \ldots, V_k$, such that the subgraph $G[V_i]$, induced by $V_i$, has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Ziwen Huang , Xiangwen Li , Gexin Yu

A vertex coloring of a graph G is called a 2-distance coloring if any two vertices at a distance at most 2 from each other receive different colors. Suppose that G is a planar graph with a maximum degree at most 5. We prove that G admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Zakir Deniz

For a graph $G$, let $\chi(G)$ denote the chromatic number of $G$. Given a graph $G$, the $reconfiguration$ $graph$ $for$ $the$ $k$-$colorings$ of $G$, denoted by ${\cal R}_k(G)$, is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-colorings of $G$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 M. Belavadi , T. Karthick

The "reconfiguration problem" for circular colourings asks, given two $(p,q)$-colourings $f$ and $g$ of a graph $G$, is it possible to transform $f$ into $g$ by changing the colour of one vertex at a time such that every intermediate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Richard C. Brewster , Sean McGuinness , Benjamin Moore , Jonathan A. Noel

Given two colorings of a graph, we consider the following problem: can we recolor the graph from one coloring to the other through a series of elementary changes, such that the graph is properly colored after each step? We introduce the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Marthe Bonamy , Paul Ouvrard , Mikaël Rabie , Jukka Suomela , Jara Uitto

A $2$-distance $k$-coloring of a graph is a proper vertex $k$-coloring where vertices at distance at most 2 cannot share the same color. We prove the existence of a $2$-distance $4$-coloring for planar subcubic graphs with girth at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Hoang La , Mickael Montassier