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LLM pre-training efficacy increasingly depends on data composition rather than sheer volume. Yet, optimal mixing is hindered by categorization flaws: human taxonomies suffer from ontological misalignment, and Euclidean clustering fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yue Min , Ziyun Qiao , Ruining Chen , Yujun Li

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates when data are incomplete or are treated as being incomplete. The EM algorithm and its variants are commonly used for parameter…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-26 Ryan P. Browne , Sanjeena Subedi , Paul McNicholas

We introduce a general semiparametric clusterwise elliptical distribution to assess how latent cluster structure shapes continuous outcomes. Using a subjectwise representation, we first estimate cluster-specific mean vectors and a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Jen-Chieh Teng , Sheng-Hsin Fan , Chin-Tsang Chiang , Ming-Yueh Huang , Alvin Lim

Commonly-used clustering algorithms usually find ellipsoidal, spherical or other regular-structured clusters, but are more challenged when the underlying groups lack formal structure or definition. Syncytial clustering is the name that we…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-30 Israel Almodóvar-Rivera , Ranjan Maitra

Existing clustering methods are based on a single granularity of information, such as the distance and density of each data. This most fine-grained based approach is usually inefficient and susceptible to noise. Inspired by adaptive process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Shuyin Xia , Jiang Xie , Guoyin Wang

Clustering is one of the main tasks in exploratory data analysis and descriptive statistics where the main objective is partitioning observations in groups. Clustering has a broad range of application in varied domains like climate,…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-03-20 Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti

Clustering in high-dimensional spaces is nowadays a recurrent problem in many scientific domains but remains a difficult task from both the clustering accuracy and the result understanding points of view. This paper presents a…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-20 Charles Bouveyron , Camille Brunet

Bayesian nonparametric mixture models are widely used to cluster observations. However, one major drawback of the approach is that the estimated partition often presents unbalanced clusters' frequencies with only a few dominating clusters…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Beatrice Franzolini , Giovanni Rebaudo

An algorithm to improve performance parameter for unsupervised decision forest clustering and density estimation is presented. Specifically, a dual assignment parameter is introduced as a density estimator by combining Random Forest and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-07-19 Hayder Albehadili , Naz Islam

As in other estimation scenarios, likelihood based estimation in the normal mixture set-up is highly non-robust against model misspecification and presence of outliers (apart from being an ill-posed optimization problem). A robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-20 Soumya Chakraborty , Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh

Assignment methods are at the heart of many algorithms for unsupervised learning and clustering - in particular, the well-known K-means and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms. In this work, we study several different methods of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Michael Kearns , Yishay Mansour , Andrew Y. Ng

A major challenge in cluster analysis is that the number of data clusters is mostly unknown and it must be estimated prior to clustering the observed data. In real-world applications, the observed data is often subject to heavy tailed noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-06 Freweyni K. Teklehaymanot , Michael Muma , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

Long Short-Term Memory networks trained with gradient descent and back-propagation have received great success in various applications. However, point estimation of the weights of the networks is prone to over-fitting problems and lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Chao Chen , Xiao Lin , Gabriel Terejanu

We propose an Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) learning algorithm, based on our previous work of GMM expansion idea. The new algorithm brings more robustness and simplicity than classic Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. It also improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Weiguo Lu , Xuan Wu , Deng Ding , Gangnan Yuan

Clustering of event stream data is of great importance in many application scenarios, including but not limited to, e-commerce, electronic health, online testing, mobile music service, etc. Existing clustering algorithms fail to take…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-29 Yuecheng Zhang , Guanhua Fang , Wen Yu

In this article, we consider the problem of outlier-robust state estimation where the measurement noise can be correlated. Outliers in data arise due to many reasons like sensor malfunctioning, environmental behaviors, communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Aamir Hussain Chughtai , Muhammad Tahir , Momin Uppal

A computational theory for clustering and a semi-supervised clustering algorithm is presented. Clustering is defined to be the obtainment of groupings of data such that each group contains no anomalies with respect to a chosen grouping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Nassir Mohammad

The interest in variable selection for clustering has increased recently due to the growing need in clustering high-dimensional data. Variable selection allows in particular to ease both the clustering and the interpretation of the results.…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-04-11 Charles Bouveyron , Camille Brunet

A natural way to characterize the cluster structure of a dataset is by finding regions containing a high density of data. This can be done in a nonparametric way with a kernel density estimate, whose modes and hence clusters can be found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán

Fuzzy clustering algorithms can be roughly categorized into two main groups: Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) based methods and mixture model based methods. However, for almost all existing FCM based methods, how to automatically selecting proper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Qiang Chen , Weizhong Yu , Feiping Nie , Xuelong Li