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Objective: Question answering (QA) systems have the potential to improve the quality of clinical care by providing health professionals with the latest and most relevant evidence. However, QA systems have not been widely adopted. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Gregory Kell , Angus Roberts , Serge Umansky , Linglong Qian , Davide Ferrari , Frank Soboczenski , Byron Wallace , Nikhil Patel , Iain J Marshall

Text-based Question Answering (QA) is a challenging task which aims at finding short concrete answers for users' questions. This line of research has been widely studied with information retrieval techniques and has received increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Saeedeh Momtazi

Question answering (QA) in English has been widely explored, but multilingual datasets are relatively new, with several methods attempting to bridge the gap between high- and low-resourced languages using data augmentation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Arnab Debnath , Navid Rajabi , Fardina Fathmiul Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Open book question answering is a type of natural language based QA (NLQA) where questions are expected to be answered with respect to a given set of open book facts, and common knowledge about a topic. Recently a challenge involving such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Pratyay Banerjee , Kuntal Kumar Pal , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral

The ability to understand a user's underlying needs is critical for conversational systems, especially with limited input from users in a conversation. Thus, in such a domain, Asking Clarification Questions (ACQs) to reveal users' true…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Hossein A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Yue Feng , Qiang Zhang , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

In conversational question answering (CQA), the task of question rewriting~(QR) in context aims to rewrite a context-dependent question into an equivalent self-contained question that gives the same answer. In this paper, we are interested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng , Wenjuan Han

Long-form question answering (LFQA) enables answering a wide range of questions, but its flexibility poses enormous challenges for evaluation. We perform the first targeted study of the evaluation of long-form answers, covering both human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Fangyuan Xu , Yixiao Song , Mohit Iyyer , Eunsol Choi

Question Answering (QA) is one of the most important natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It aims using NLP technologies to generate a corresponding answer to a given question based on the massive unstructured corpus. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Zhen Wang

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Open Question Answering (Open-QA) task, which can directly estimate the factuality of large language models (LLMs). Current automatic evaluation methods have shown limitations, indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cunxiang Wang , Sirui Cheng , Qipeng Guo , Yuanhao Yue , Bowen Ding , Zhikun Xu , Yidong Wang , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Yue Zhang

Conversational question answering aims to provide natural-language answers to users in information-seeking conversations. Existing conversational QA benchmarks compare models with pre-collected human-human conversations, using ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Huihan Li , Tianyu Gao , Manan Goenka , Danqi Chen

Community Question Answering (CQA) websites have become valuable repositories which host a massive volume of human knowledge. To maximize the utility of such knowledge, it is essential to evaluate the quality of an existing question or…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Yuan Yao , Hanghang Tong , Tao Xie , Leman Akoglu , Feng Xu , Jian Lu

Although open-domain question answering (QA) draws great attention in recent years, it requires large amounts of resources for building the full system and is often difficult to reproduce previous results due to complex configurations. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Xiaopeng Lu , Kyusong Lee , Tiancheng Zhao

Question Answering (QA) systems are becoming the inspiring model for the future of search engines. While recently, underlying datasets for QA systems have been promoted from unstructured datasets to structured datasets with highly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Saeedeh Shekarpour , Denis Lukovnikov , Ashwini Jaya Kumar , Kemele Endris , Kuldeep Singh , Harsh Thakkar , Christoph Lange

The increasing rate of information pollution on the Web requires novel solutions to tackle that. Question Answering (QA) interfaces are simplified and user-friendly interfaces to access information on the Web. However, similar to other AI…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Saeedeh Shekarpour , Faisal Alshargi

Visual question answering (VQA) demands simultaneous comprehension of both the image visual content and natural language questions. In some cases, the reasoning needs the help of common sense or general knowledge which usually appear in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Hui Li , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

The dependency between an adequate question formulation and correct answer selection is a very intriguing but still underexplored area. In this paper, we show that question rewriting (QR) of the conversational context allows to shed more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Svitlana Vakulenko , Shayne Longpre , Zhucheng Tu , Raviteja Anantha

Question answering (QA) can only make progress if we know if an answer is correct, but current answer correctness (AC) metrics struggle with verbose, free-form answers from large language models (LLMs). There are two challenges with current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zongxia Li , Ishani Mondal , Yijun Liang , Huy Nghiem , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

Open-domain question answering (Open-QA) is a common task for evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, current Open-QA evaluations are criticized for the ambiguity in questions and the lack of semantic understanding in evaluators.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Peiran Yao , Denilson Barbosa

Recent development of large-scale question answering (QA) datasets triggered a substantial amount of research into end-to-end neural architectures for QA. Increasingly complex systems have been conceived without comparison to simpler neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Dirk Weissenborn , Georg Wiese , Laura Seiffe