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Using a novel geometrically-shaped four-dimensional modulation format, we transmitted 11x200 Gbit/s DWDM at 4.8 bit/4D-sym over 7,925 km and 11,700 km using EDFA-only and hybrid amplification, respectively. A reach increase of 16% is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-08 Sjoerd van der Heide , Bin Chen , Menno van den Hout , Gabriele Liga , Ton Koonen , Hartmut Hafermann , Alex Alvarado , Chigo Okonkwo

We propose a new four-dimensional orthant-symmetric 128-ary modulation format (4D-OS128) with a spectral efficiency of 7bit/4D-sym. The proposed format fills the gap between polarization-multiplexed 8- and 16-ary quadrature-amplitude…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-05 Bin Chen , Alex Alvarado , Sjoerd van der Heide , Menno van den Hout , Hartmut Hafermann , Chigo Okonkwo

We propose a 4-dimensional 2-ary amplitude ring-switched modulation format with 64 symbols, which is denoted as 4D-2A-RS64 encoded over two polarization tributaries to improve the transmission performance over long-haul optical fibers in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-30 Jingtian Liu , Élie Awwad , Yves Jaouën

We propose two 8-dimensional (8D) modulation formats (8D-2048PRS-T1 and 8D-2048PRS-T2) with a spectral efficiency of 5.5 bit/4D-sym, where the 8 dimensions are obtained from two time slots and two polarizations. Both formats provide a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Hartmut Hafermann , Alex Alvarado

We demonstrate a polarization-managed 8-dimensional modulation format that is time domain coded to reduce inter-channel nonlinearity. Simulation results show a 2.33 dB improvement in maximum net system margin (NSM) relative to polarization…

Current optical coherent transponders technology is driving data rates towards 1 Tb/s/{\lambda}and beyond. This trend requires both high-performance coded modulation schemes and efficient implementation of the forward-error-correction (FEC)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-15 Gabriele Liga , Bin Chen , Sjoerd van der Heide , Alireza Sheikh , Menno van der Hout , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado

In this paper, the quasi-constant modulus (QCM) property is analyzed and leveraged in the design of nonlinearity-tolerant four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats. Accordingly, we propose a family of QCM-based quadrature amplitude…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Junzhe Xiao , Zekun Niu , Lyu Li , Minghui Shi , Weisheng Hu , Lilin Yi

We present two new nonlinearity tolerant modulation formats at spectral efficiencies lower than 4bits/4D-symbol, obtained using a simplified bit-to-symbol mapping approach to set-partition PDM-QPSK in 8 dimensions.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-15 D. F. Bendimerad , H. Hafermann , H. Zhang

In this paper, a new four-dimensional 64-ary polarization ring switching (4D-64PRS) modulation format with a spectral efficiency of 6 bit/4D-sym is introduced. The format is designed by maximizing the generalized mutual information (GMI)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-07 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Hartmut Hafermann , Alex Alvarado

We review the design of multidimensional modulations by maximizing generalized mutual information and compare the maximum transmission reach of recently introduced 4D formats. A model-based optimization for nonlinear-tolerant 4D modulations…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-24 Bin Chen , Gabriele Liga , Yi Lei , Wei Ling , Zhengyan Huan , Xuwei Xue , Alex Alvarado

We experimentally demonstrate a novel 3-dimensional modulation format with 1.2-dB OSNR tolerance improvement potential compared to DP-BPSK, as verified for the linear case. The non-linearity tolerance is evaluated in single-span…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Annika Dochhan , Helmut Griesser , Michael Eiselt

In this paper we carry out a joint optimization of probabilistic (PS) and geometric shaping (GS) for four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats in long-haul coherent wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical fiber communications using an…

Real-time 10,000 km transmission over a straight-line link is achieved using a software-defined multi-modulation format receiver implemented on a commercial off-the-shelf general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPU). Minimum phase 1 GBaud…

We experimentally demonstrate an NFDM optical system with modulation over nonlinear discrete spectrum. Particularly, each symbol carries 4-bits from multiplexing two eigenvalues modulated by QPSK constellation. We show a low error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-12 Vahid Aref , Henning Buelow , Karsten Schuh , Wilfried Idler

Based on a silicon travelling wave Mach-Zehnder modulator, we demonstrate record 168Gb/s (84Gbaud) and 160Gb/s (80Gbaud) PAM-4 direct detection transmission over 1km and 2km SSMF, respectively, with bit error rates below 20% HD-FEC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-31 Fan Yang , Yixiao Zhu , Lei Zhang , Xiaoke Ruan , Yanping Li , Fan Zhang

Performance trade-offs between linear shaping and nonlinear tolerance of the recently introduced 4D orthant-symmetric 128-ary modulation format are investigated. Numerical simulations show 9.3% reach increase with respect to the 7b4D-2A8PSK…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado

We report on theoretical and experimental investigations of the nonlinear tolerance of single carrier and digital multicarrier approaches with probabilistically shaped constellations. Experimental transmission of PCS16QAM is assessed at 120…

Multi-eigenvalues transmission with information encoded simultaneously in both orthogonal polarizations is experimentally demonstrated. Performance below the HD-FEC limit is demonstrated for 8-bits/symbol 1-GBd signals after transmission up…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-02 Simone Gaiarin , Auro Michele Perego , Edson Porto da Silva , Francesco Da Ros , Darko Zibar

Shaping modulation formats in multi-dimensional (MD) space is an effective approach to harvest spectral efficiency gains in both the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the optical fiber channel. In the first part of this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Bin Chen , Yi Lei , Gabriele Liga , Zhiwei Liang , Wei Ling , Xuwei Xue , Alex Alvarado

In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…

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