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For machine translation to tackle discourse phenomena, models must have access to extra-sentential linguistic context. There has been recent interest in modelling context in neural machine translation (NMT), but models have been principally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Rachel Bawden , Rico Sennrich , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow

Natural language-based assessment (NLA) is an approach to second language assessment that uses instructions - expressed in the form of can-do descriptors - originally intended for human examiners, aiming to determine whether large language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Stefano Bannò , Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Siyuan Tang , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

Recently, there has been much interest in the question of whether deep natural language understanding models exhibit systematicity; generalizing such that units like words make consistent contributions to the meaning of the sentences in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Emily Goodwin , Koustuv Sinha , Timothy J. O'Donnell

There has been an increase of interest in code search using natural language. Assessing the performance of such code search models can be difficult without a readily available evaluation suite. In this paper, we present an evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Hongyu Li , Seohyun Kim , Satish Chandra

This paper explores the task of translating natural language queries into regular expressions which embody their meaning. In contrast to prior work, the proposed neural model does not utilize domain-specific crafting, learning to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Nicholas Locascio , Karthik Narasimhan , Eduardo DeLeon , Nate Kushman , Regina Barzilay

Rule-based models are attractive for various tasks because they inherently lead to interpretable and explainable decisions and can easily incorporate prior knowledge. However, such systems are difficult to apply to problems involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Leon Weber , Pasquale Minervini , Jannes Münchmeyer , Ulf Leser , Tim Rocktäschel

Neural networks models for NLP are typically implemented without the explicit encoding of language rules and yet they are able to break one performance record after another. This has generated a lot of research interest in interpreting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mariya Toneva , Leila Wehbe

Comprehending meaning from natural language is a primary objective of Natural Language Processing (NLP), and text comprehension is the cornerstone for achieving this objective upon which all other problems like chat bots, language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Long-Huei Chen , Kshitiz Tripathi

This paper introduces a natural language understanding (NLU) framework for argumentative dialogue systems in the information-seeking and opinion building domain. The proposed framework consists of two sub-models, namely intent classifier…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Waheed Ahmed Abro , Annalena Aicher , Niklas Rach , Stefan Ultes , Wolfgang Minker , Guilin Qi

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Natural Language Search (NLS) extends the capabilities of search engines that perform keyword search allowing users to issue queries in a more "natural" language. The engine tries to understand the meaning of the queries and to map the…

Natural language understanding (NLU) is a core component of a spoken dialogue system. Recently recurrent neural networks (RNN) obtained strong results on NLU due to their superior ability of preserving sequential information over time.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Yun-Nung Chen , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Gokhan Tur , Asli Celikyilmaz , Jianfeng Gao , Li Deng

Recently advancements in sequence-to-sequence neural network architectures have led to an improved natural language understanding. When building a neural network-based Natural Language Understanding component, one main challenge is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Stefan Constantin , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel

The success of neural networks on a diverse set of NLP tasks has led researchers to question how much these networks actually ``know'' about natural language. Probes are a natural way of assessing this. When probing, a researcher chooses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Tiago Pimentel , Josef Valvoda , Rowan Hall Maudslay , Ran Zmigrod , Adina Williams , Ryan Cotterell

Ontology-based approach to the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) processing allows to improve questions answering quality in dialogue systems. We describe our NLU engine architecture and evaluate its implementation. The engine transforms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sergey Gorshkov , Constantin Kondratiev , Roman Shebalov

For the next step in human to machine interaction, Artificial Intelligence (AI) should interact predominantly using natural language because, if it worked, it would be the fastest way to communicate. Facebook's toy tasks (bAbI) provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-22 John S. Ball

Current Transformer-based natural language understanding (NLU) models heavily rely on dataset biases, while failing to handle real-world out-of-distribution (OOD) instances. Many methods have been proposed to deal with this issue, but they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaoyue Wang , Lijie Wang , Xin Liu , Suhang Wu , Jinsong Su , Hua Wu

The ability to understand logical relationships between sentences is an important task in language understanding. To aid in progress for this task, researchers have collected datasets for machine learning and evaluation of current systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Shawn Tan , Yikang Shen , Chin-wei Huang , Aaron Courville

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a core component of dialog systems. It typically involves two tasks - intent classification (IC) and slot labeling (SL), which are then followed by a dialogue management (DM) component. Such NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Arshit Gupta , Peng Zhang , Garima Lalwani , Mona Diab

We describe a data-driven approach for automatically explaining new, non-standard English expressions in a given sentence, building on a large dataset that includes 15 years of crowdsourced examples from UrbanDictionary.com. Unlike prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Ke Ni , William Yang Wang