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Our ability to efficiently and accurately evaluate the quality of machine translation systems has been outrun by the effectiveness of current language models--which limits the potential for further improving these models on more challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Syeda Jannatus Saba , Steven Skiena

The quality of automatic metrics for machine translation has been increasingly called into question, especially for high-quality systems. This paper demonstrates that, while choice of metric is important, the nature of the references is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Isaac Caswell

Transformer architectures are increasingly effective at processing and generating very long chunks of texts, opening new perspectives for document-level machine translation (MT). In this work, we challenge the ability of MT systems to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ziqian Peng , Rachel Bawden , François Yvon

This paper considers the problem for estimating the quality of machine translation outputs which are independent of human intervention and are generally addressed using machine learning techniques.There are various measures through which a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-09-05 Rashmi Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

Gender bias in machine translation (MT) systems has been extensively documented, but bias in automatic quality estimation (QE) metrics remains comparatively underexplored. Existing studies suggest that QE metrics can also exhibit gender…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Giorgos Filandrianos , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Wafaa Mohammed , Giuseppe Attanasio , Chrysoula Zerva

Traditionally, Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation has been treated as a regression problem -- producing an absolute translation-quality score. This approach has two limitations: i) the scores lack interpretability, and human annotators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

We hypothesize that existing sentence-level machine translation (MT) metrics become less effective when the human reference contains ambiguities. To verify this hypothesis, we present a very simple method for extending pretrained metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Giorgos Vernikos , Brian Thompson , Prashant Mathur , Marcello Federico

Training models for the automatic correction of machine-translated text usually relies on data consisting of (source, MT, human post- edit) triplets providing, for each source sentence, examples of translation errors with the corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi , Rajen Chatterjee , Nicola Bertoldi

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a new approach to machine translation that has made great progress in recent years. However, recent studies show that NMT generally produces fluent but inadequate translations (Tu et al. 2016b; Tu et al.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Xing Wang , Zhengdong Lu , Zhaopeng Tu , Hang Li , Deyi Xiong , Min Zhang

Machine translation has an undesirable propensity to produce "translationese" artifacts, which can lead to higher BLEU scores while being liked less by human raters. Motivated by this, we model translationese and original (i.e. natural)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Parker Riley , Isaac Caswell , Markus Freitag , David Grangier

Automatic summarization methods are efficient but can suffer from low quality. In comparison, manual summarization is expensive but produces higher quality. Can humans and AI collaborate to improve summarization performance? In similar text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Vivian Lai , Alison Smith-Renner , Ke Zhang , Ruijia Cheng , Wenjuan Zhang , Joel Tetreault , Alejandro Jaimes

This work presents our efforts to reproduce the results of the human evaluation experiment presented in the paper of Vamvas and Sennrich (2022), which evaluated an automatic system detecting over- and undertranslations (translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ondřej Plátek , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Automatic post-editing (APE) aims to correct errors in machine-translated text, enhancing translation quality, while reducing the need for human intervention. Despite advances in neural machine translation (NMT), the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Diego Velazquez , Mikaela Grace , Konstantinos Karageorgos , Lawrence Carin , Aaron Schliem , Dimitrios Zaikis , Roger Wechsler

Automatic evaluation comparing candidate translations to human-generated paraphrases of reference translations has recently been proposed by Freitag et al. When used in place of original references, the paraphrased versions produce metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Markus Freitag , George Foster , David Grangier , Colin Cherry

Quality estimation (QE) plays a crucial role in machine translation (MT) workflows, as it serves to evaluate generated outputs that have no reference translations and to determine whether human post-editing or full retranslation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Assaf Siani , Anna Kernerman , Ilan Kernerman

Recent machine translation (MT) metrics calibrate their effectiveness by correlating with human judgement but without any insights about their behaviour across different error types. Challenge sets are used to probe specific dimensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Nikita Moghe , Arnisa Fazla , Chantal Amrhein , Tom Kocmi , Mark Steedman , Alexandra Birch , Rico Sennrich , Liane Guillou

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of automatically predicting Machine Translation quality in the absence of reference translations, making it applicable in real-time settings, such as translating online social media conversations. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Amit Gajbhiye , Marina Fomicheva , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Frédéric Blain , Abiola Obamuyide , Nikolaos Aletras , Lucia Specia

Large language models have demonstrated parallel and even superior translation performance compared to neural machine translation (NMT) systems. However, existing comparative studies between them mainly rely on automated metrics, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaokun Jiang , Qianxi Lv , Ziyin Zhang , Lei Lei

Translation quality evaluation plays a crucial role in machine translation. According to the input format, it is mainly separated into three tasks, i.e., reference-only, source-only and source-reference-combined. Recent methods, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Haibo Zhang , Boxing Chen , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao