Related papers: On Characterizations for Subclasses of Directed Co…
A directed graph $G=(V,E)$ is {\it strongly pseudo transitive} if there is a partition $\{A,E-A\}$ of $E$ so that graphs $G_1=(V,A)$ and $G_2=(V,E-A)$ are transitive, and additionally, if $ab\in A$ and $bc\in E $ implies that $ac\in E$. A…
It is an intriguing question to see what kind of information on the structure of an oriented graph $D$ one can obtain if $D$ does not contain a fixed oriented graph $H$ as a subgraph. The related question in the unoriented case has been an…
We find the structure of graphs that have no $C_4$, $\overline{C}_4$, $C_5$, chair and co-chair as induced subgraphs.
A vertex with neighbours of degrees $d_1 \geq ... \geq d_r$ has {\em vertex type} $(d_1, ..., d_r)$. A graph is {\em vertex-oblique} if each vertex has a distinct vertex-type. While no graph can have distinct degrees, Schreyer, Walther and…
These notes concern aspects of various graphs whose vertex set is a group $G$ and whose edges reflect group structure in some way (so that they are invariant under the action of the automorphism group of $G$). The graphs I will discuss are…
In a series of three papers we develop an end space theory for directed graphs. As for undirected graphs, the ends of a digraph are points at infinity to which its rays converge. Unlike for undirected graphs, some ends are joined by limit…
A directed graph $D=(V(D),A(D))$ has a kernel if there exists an independent set $K\subseteq V(D)$ such that every vertex $v\in V(D)-K$ has an ingoing arc $u\mathbin{\longrightarrow}v$ for some $u\in K$. There are directed graphs that do…
It was noted already in the 90s that many classic graph classes, such as interval, chordal, and bipartite graphs, can be characterized by the existence of an ordering of the vertices avoiding some ordered subgraphs, called patterns. Very…
A graph $G$ is said to be an $(s, k)$-polar graph if its vertex set admits a partition $(A, B)$ such that $A$ and $B$ induce, respectively, a complete $s$-partite graph and the disjoint union of at most $k$ complete graphs. Polar graphs and…
Traditional graph analysis focuses on nodes and edges, that is, pairwise relationships. Yet many real-world networks, including biological, social, and communication networks, involve higher-order relationships in which multiple nodes…
In this paper, we employ the decomposition of a directed network as an undirected graph plus its associated node metadata to characterise the cyclic structure found in directed networks by finding a Minimal Cycle Basis of the undirected…
For every graph $X$, we consider the class of all connected $\{K_{1,3}, X\}$-free graphs which are distinct from an odd cycle and have independence number at least $4$, and we show that all graphs in the class are perfect if and only if $X$…
Over all graphs (or unicyclic graphs) of a given order, we characterise those graphs that minimise or maximise the number of connected induced subgraphs. For each of these classes, we find that the graphs that minimise the number of…
A graph is a cograph if it does not contain a 4-vertex path as an induced subgraph. An $(s, k)$-polar partition of a graph $G$ is a partition $(A, B)$ of its vertex set such that $A$ induces a complete multipartite graph with at most $s$…
We present the first comprehensive analysis of temporal settings for directed temporal graphs, fully resolving their hierarchy with respect to support, reachability, and induced-reachability equivalence. These notions, introduced by…
The {\it total irregularity} of a simple undirected graph $G$ is defined as ${\rm irr}_t(G) =$ $\frac{1}{2}\sum_{u,v \in V(G)}$ $\left| d_G(u)-d_G(v) \right|$, where $d_G(u)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u \in V(G)$. Obviously, ${\rm…
Threshold graphs are a prevalent and widely studied class of simple graphs. They have several equivalent definitions which makes them a go-to class for finding examples and counter examples when testing and learning. This versatility has…
A graph that can be generated from $K_1$ using joins and 0-sums is called a cograph. We define a sesquicograph to be a graph that can be generated from $K_1$ using joins, 0-sums, and 1-sums. We show that, like cographs, sesquicographs are…
We introduce the concept of a family of finite directed graphs (order 1) which are directed graphs derived from an infinite directed graph (order 1), called the 1-root digraph. The 1-root digraph has four fundamental properties which are;…
Associative spectra of graph algebras are examined with the help of homomorphisms of DFS trees. Undirected graphs are classified according to the associative spectra of their graph algebras; there are only three distinct possibilities:…