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Supermassive binary black holes in galactic centers are potential multimessenger sources in gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation. To find such objects, isolating unique electromagnetic signatures of their accretion flow is key.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Sean M. Ressler , Luciano Combi , Bart Ripperda , Elias R. Most

We study in detail the dynamics and stability of marginally trapped surfaces during a binary black hole merger. This is the second in a two-part study. The first part studied the basic geometric aspects of the world tubes traced out by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-09 Daniel Pook-Kolb , Ofek Birnholtz , Jose Luis Jaramillo , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

In this paper we survey some recent advances in the analysis of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS). We begin with a systematic review of results by Schoen and Yau on Jang's equation and its relationship with MOTS. We then explain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-22 Lars Andersson , Michael Eichmair , Jan Metzger

Marginally Outer Trapped Surfaces (MOTS) in spacetimes are well-known to indicate the existence of black holes. Using flow techniques, we prove that a neighbourhood of a stable MOTS in a null cone may be foliated by hypersurfaces of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Ben Lambert , Julian Scheuer

We present results of numerical simulations of sequences of binary-single scattering events of black holes in dense stellar environments. The simulations cover a wide range of mass ratios from equal mass objects to 1000:10:10 solar masses…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kayhan Gultekin , M. Coleman Miller , Douglas P. Hamilton

Binary supermassive black holes are produced by galactic mergers as the black holes from the two galaxies fall to the center of the merged system and form a bound pair. The two black holes will eventually coalesce in an enormous burst of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 David Merritt , R. D. Ekers

In previous work we have shown the existence of a dynamical horizon or marginally trapped tube (MOTT) containing a given strictly stable marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS). In this paper we show some results on the global behavior of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-17 Lars Andersson , Marc Mars , Jan Metzger , Walter Simon

Bounds for the area of general closed marginally trapped surfaces (MTSs) are presented. They do not require any stability condition, and are determined by a constant that depends on a particular component of the Einstein tensor on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 José M. M. Senovilla

In this short review we describe some of the latest endeavours to understand the activity around Black Holes. First, it has been possible to demonstrate that a large part of the electromagnetic emission observed can be interpreted as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter L. Biermann , Mihaela Chirvasa , Heino Falcke , Sera Markof , Christian Zier

We review the state of the evidence for the existence and observational appearance of supermassive black hole binaries. Such objects are expected from standard hierarchical galaxy evolution to form after two galaxies, each containing a…

A remarkable series of breakthroughs in numerical relativity modeling of black hole binary mergers has occurred over the past few years. This paper provides a general overview of these exciting developments, focusing on recent progress in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Joan M. Centrella

We prove two results which are relevant for constructing marginally outer trapped tubes (MOTTs) in de Sitter spacetime. The first one holds more generally, namely for spacetimes satisfying the null convergence condition and containing a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-11 Marc Mars , Walter Simon , Roland Steinbauer , Carl Rossdeutscher

In this paper we study the dynamical outcome in which black hole (BH) binary-single interactions lead to two successive gravitational wave (GW) mergers; a scenario we refer to as a `double GW merger'. The first GW merger happens during the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-29 Johan Samsing , Teva Ilan

Merging binary black holes embedded in gaseous environments, such as supermassive black hole binaries following gas-rich galaxy mergers, are promising sources of multi-messenger transients in the upcoming age of space-based gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-30 Yoonsoo Kim , Elias R. Most , Hai-Yang Wang

Observations suggest that star clusters often form in binaries or larger bound groups. Therefore, mergers between two clusters are likely to occur. If these clusters both harbor an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH; 10^{2-4} Msun) in their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Marc Freitag

The recent detection of the binary black hole merger GW150914 demonstrates the existence of black holes more massive than previously observed in X-ray binaries in our Galaxy. This article explores different scenarios of black hole formation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-03 Irina Dvorkin , Elisabeth Vangioni , Joseph Silk , Jean-Philippe Uzan , Keith A. Olive

We describe recent numerical simulations of the merger of a class of equal mass, non-spinning, eccentric binary black hole systems in general relativity. We show that with appropriate fine-tuning of the initial conditions to a region of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Frans Pretorius , Deepak Khurana

Gravitational wave detectors are observing an increasing number of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, revealing a bimodal mass distribution of BBHs, which hints at diverse formation histories for these systems. Using the rapid binary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-10 Lei Li , Guoliang Lv , Chunhua Zhu , Sufen Guo , Hongwei Ge , Weimin Gu , Zhuowen Li , Xiaolong He

As the number of gravitational wave observations has increased in recent years, the variety of sources has broadened. Here we investigate whether it is possible for the current generation of detectors to distinguish between very short-lived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-23 Weichangfeng Guo , Daniel Williams , Ik Siong Heng , Hunter Gabbard , Yeong-Bok Bae , Gungwon Kang , Zong-Hong Zhu

The merger of a black hole (BH) and a neutron star (NS) in most cases is expected to leave no material around the remnant BH; therefore, such events are often considered as sources of gravitational waves without electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-03 Yoonsoo Kim , Elias R. Most , Andrei M. Beloborodov , Bart Ripperda