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In modern data analysis, nonparametric measures of discrepancies between random variables are particularly important. The subject is well-studied in the frequentist literature, while the development in the Bayesian setting is limited where…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-25 Qinyi Zhang , Veit Wild , Sarah Filippi , Seth Flaxman , Dino Sejdinovic

The widespread adoption of the \emph{maximum mean discrepancy} (MMD) in goodness-of-fit testing has spurred extensive research on its statistical performance. However, recent studies indicate that the inherent structure of MMD may constrain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-11 Shiwei Sang , Shao-Bo Lin , Xuehu Zhu

A central limit theorem for the integrated squared error of the directional-linear kernel density estimator is established. The result enables the construction and analysis of two testing procedures based on squared loss: a nonparametric…

Nonparametric detection of existence of an anomalous structure over a network is investigated. Nodes corresponding to the anomalous structure (if one exists) receive samples generated by a distribution q, which is different from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-11 Shaofeng Zou , Yingbin Liang , H. Vincent Poor

Kernel two-sample tests have been widely used for multivariate data to test equality of distributions. However, existing tests based on mapping distributions into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space mainly target specific alternatives and do…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Hoseung Song , Hao Chen

A common challenge in nonparametric inference is its high computational complexity when data volume is large. In this paper, we develop computationally efficient nonparametric testing by employing a random projection strategy. In the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Meimei Liu , Zuofeng Shang , Guang Cheng

Independence testing plays a central role in statistical and causal inference from observational data. Standard independence tests assume that the data samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) but that assumption is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-04 Ragib Ahsan , Zahra Fatemi , David Arbour , Elena Zheleva

Generalized Bayesian Inference (GBI) provides a flexible framework for updating prior distributions using various loss functions instead of the traditional likelihoods, thereby enhancing the model robustness to model misspecification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Elham Afzali , Saman Muthukumarana , Liqun Wang

No matter the nature of the response and/or explanatory variables in a regression model, some basic issues such as the existence of an effect of the predictor on the response, or the assessment of a common shape across groups of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-01 María Alonso-Pena , Jose Ameijeiras-Alonso , Rosa M. Crujeiras

We propose a series of computationally efficient nonparametric tests for the two-sample, independence, and goodness-of-fit problems, using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), and Kernel Stein…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-27 Antonin Schrab , Ilmun Kim , Benjamin Guedj , Arthur Gretton

The problem of assessing a parametric regression model in the presence of spatial correlation is addressed in this work. For that purpose, a goodness-of-fit test based on a $L_2$-distance comparing a parametric and a nonparametric…

We develop a systematic, omnibus approach to goodness-of-fit testing for parametric distributional models when the variable of interest is only partially observed due to censoring and/or truncation. In many such designs, tests based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Juan Carlos Escanciano , Jacobo de Uña-Álvarez

We introduce a kernel-based two-sample test for comparing probability distributions up to group actions. Our construction yields invariant kernels for locally compact $\sigma$-compact groups and extends classical Haar-based approaches…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Madison Giacofci , Anouar Meynaoui , Alex Podgorny

This article provides a practical introduction to kernel discrepancies, focusing on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), and the Kernel Stein Discrepancy (KSD). Various estimators for these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Antonin Schrab

Nonparametric two sample testing deals with the question of consistently deciding if two distributions are different, given samples from both, without making any parametric assumptions about the form of the distributions. The current…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-25 Aaditya Ramdas , Sashank J. Reddi , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh , Larry Wasserman

This paper provides a unifying view of optimal kernel hypothesis testing across the MMD two-sample, HSIC independence, and KSD goodness-of-fit frameworks. Minimax optimal separation rates in the kernel and $L^2$ metrics are presented, with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Antonin Schrab

We characterize the asymptotic performance of nonparametric one- and two-sample testing. The exponential decay rate or error exponent of the type-II error probability is used as the asymptotic performance metric, and an optimal test…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Shengyu Zhu , Biao Chen , Zhitang Chen , Pengfei Yang

We develop a multidimensional Stein methodology for non-degenerate self-decomposable random vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ having finite first moment. Building on previous univariate findings, we solve an integro-partial differential Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Benjamin Arras , Christian Houdré

Kernel-weighted test statistics have been widely used in a variety of settings including non-stationary regression, inference on propensity score and panel data models. We develop the limit theory for a kernel-based specification test of a…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-05-30 Sid Kankanala , Victoria Zinde-Walsh

We propose a framework to construct practical kernel-based two-sample tests from the family of $f$-divergences. The test statistic is computed from the witness function of a regularized variational representation of the divergence, which we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-28 Mónica Ribero , Antonin Schrab , Arthur Gretton
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