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Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

We solve high-dimensional steady-state Fokker-Planck equations on the whole space by applying tensor neural networks. The tensor networks are a linear combination of tensor products of one-dimensional feedforward networks or a linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Taorui Wang , Zheyuan Hu , Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhongqiang Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

In this short note, we propose a new method for quantizing the weights of a fully trained neural network. A simple deterministic pre-processing step allows us to quantize network layers via memoryless scalar quantization while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Johannes Maly , Rayan Saab

Feedforward neural networks have wide applicability in various disciplines of science due to their universal approximation property. Some authors have shown that single hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) with fixed weights…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Namig J. Guliyev , Vugar E. Ismailov

This paper aims to understand the training solution, which is obtained by the back-propagation algorithm, of two-layer neural networks whose hidden layer is composed of the units with smooth activation functions, including the usual sigmoid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Changcun Huang

A neural architecture with randomly initialized weights, in the infinite width limit, is equivalent to a Gaussian Random Field whose covariance function is the so-called Neural Network Gaussian Process kernel (NNGP). We prove that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Rustem Takhanov

This work belongs to a series of articles which have been dedicated to the combination of signed particles and neural networks to speed up the time-dependent simulation of quantum systems. More specifically, the suggested networks are…

General Physics · Physics 2018-07-19 Jean Michel Sellier , Gaetan Marceau Caron , Jacob Leygonie

We examine the necessary and sufficient complexity of neural networks to approximate functions from different smoothness spaces under the restriction of encodable network weights. Based on an entropy argument, we start by proving lower…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-21 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan

Recent findings indicate that over-parametrization, while crucial for successfully training deep neural networks, also introduces large amounts of redundancy. Tensor methods have the potential to efficiently parametrize over-complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Jean Kossaifi , Adrian Bulat , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Maja Pantic

When applied to the non-linear matter distribution of the universe, neural networks have been shown to be very statistically sensitive probes of cosmological parameters, such as the linear perturbation amplitude $\sigma_8$. However, when…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Utkarsh Giri , Moritz Münchmeyer , Kendrick M. Smith

In this paper, we investigate the geometric structure of activation spaces of fully connected layers in neural networks and then show applications of this study. We propose an efficient approximation algorithm to characterize the convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Yuting Jia , Haiwen Wang , Shuo Shao , Huan Long , Yunsong Zhou , Xinbing Wang

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

When dealing with spreading processes on networks it can be of the utmost importance to test the reliability of data and identify potential unobserved spreading paths. In this paper we address these problems and propose methods for hidden…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-18 Łukasz G. Gajewski , Jan Chołoniewski , Mateusz Wilinski

We present a memory and computation efficient ternary weight networks (TWNs) - with weights constrained to +1, 0 and -1. The Euclidian distance between full (float or double) precision weights and the ternary weights along with a scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Fengfu Li , Bin Liu , Xiaoxing Wang , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan

The article discusses the development of various methods and techniques for initializing and training neural networks with a single hidden layer, as well as training a separable physics-informed neural network consisting of neural networks…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Vasiliy A. Es'kin , Alexey O. Malkhanov , Mikhail E. Smorkalov

Understanding the impact of data structure on the computational tractability of learning is a key challenge for the theory of neural networks. Many theoretical works do not explicitly model training data, or assume that inputs are drawn…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-23 Sebastian Goldt , Bruno Loureiro , Galen Reeves , Florent Krzakala , Marc Mézard , Lenka Zdeborová

Multilayer networks have become increasingly ubiquitous across diverse scientific fields, ranging from social sciences and biology to economics and international relations. Despite their broad applications, the inferential theory for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Zhaozhe Liu , Gongjun Xu , Haoran Zhang

We propose a tensor network encoding the set of all eigenstates of a fully many-body localized system in one dimension. Our construction, conceptually based on the ansatz introduced in Phys. Rev. B 94, 041116(R) (2016), is built from two…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-05-17 Thorsten B. Wahl , Arijeet Pal , Steven H. Simon

In this paper, we consider one dimensional (shallow) ReLU neural networks in which weights are chosen randomly and only the terminal layer is trained. First, we mathematically show that for such networks L2-regularized regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jakob Heiss , Josef Teichmann , Hanna Wutte

The problem of quantizing the activations of a deep neural network is considered. An examination of the popular binary quantization approach shows that this consists of approximating a classical non-linearity, the hyperbolic tangent, by two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Zhaowei Cai , Xiaodong He , Jian Sun , Nuno Vasconcelos