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Low-resource languages (LRLs) face significant challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to limited data. While current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) still struggle with LRLs, smaller multilingual models (mLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Daniil Gurgurov , Ivan Vykopal , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

We introduce BitFit, a sparse-finetuning method where only the bias-terms of the model (or a subset of them) are being modified. We show that with small-to-medium training data, applying BitFit on pre-trained BERT models is competitive with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Elad Ben-Zaken , Shauli Ravfogel , Yoav Goldberg

Neural machine translation (NMT) from Chinese to low-resource Southeast Asian languages remains severely constrained by the extreme scarcity of clean parallel corpora and the pervasive noise in existing mined data. This chronic shortage not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhixiang Lu , Chong Zhang , Chenyu Xue , Angelos Stefanidis , Chong Li , Jionglong Su , Zhengyong Jiang

It has been shown that the performance of neural machine translation (NMT) drops starkly in low-resource conditions, underperforming phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) and requiring large amounts of auxiliary data to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Rico Sennrich , Biao Zhang

In this paper,we explore the application of Back translation (BT) as a semi-supervised technique to enhance Neural Machine Translation(NMT) models for the English-Luganda language pair, specifically addressing the challenges faced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Richard Kimera , Dongnyeong Heo , Daniela N. Rim , Heeyoul Choi

Recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) has offered a strong potential for natural language systems to process informal language. A representative form of informal language is slang, used commonly in daily conversations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zhewei Sun , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel , Yang Xu

Neural machine translation (NMT) approaches have improved the state of the art in many machine translation settings over the last couple of years, but they require large amounts of training data to produce sensible output. We demonstrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Robert Östling , Jörg Tiedemann

Recent state-of-the-art language models utilize a two-phase training procedure comprised of (i) unsupervised pre-training on unlabeled text, and (ii) fine-tuning for a specific supervised task. More recently, many studies have been focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf

Multilingual language models such as mBERT have seen impressive cross-lingual transfer to a variety of languages, but many languages remain excluded from these models. In this paper, we analyse the effect of pre-training with monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Kurt Micallef , Albert Gatt , Marc Tanti , Lonneke van der Plas , Claudia Borg

LLMs are typically trained in high-resource languages, and tasks in lower-resourced languages tend to underperform the higher-resource language counterparts for in-context learning. Despite the large body of work on prompting settings, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Christopher Toukmaji , Jeffrey Flanigan

Contextual Embeddings have yielded state-of-the-art results in various natural language processing tasks. However, these embeddings are constrained by models requiring large amounts of data and huge computing power. This is an issue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Biraj Silwal

Large language models (LLMs) play an increasingly important role in financial markets analysis by capturing signals from complex and heterogeneous textual data sources, such as tweets, news articles, reports, and microblogs. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alvaro Paredes Amorin , Andre Python , Christoph Weisser

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern natural language processing, with their capabilities extending across a wide range of applications and languages. However, the fine-tuning of multilingual LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wanru Zhao , Yihong Chen , Royson Lee , Xinchi Qiu , Yan Gao , Hongxiang Fan , Nicholas D. Lane

Until recently, fine-tuned BERT-like models provided state-of-the-art performance on text classification tasks. With the rise of instruction-tuned decoder-only models, commonly known as large language models (LLMs), the field has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Taja Kuzman Pungeršek , Peter Rupnik , Ivan Porupski , Vuk Dinić , Nikola Ljubešić

This paper introduces \textit{Bangla Key2Text}, a large-scale dataset of $2.6$ million Bangla keyword--text pairs designed for keyword-driven text generation in a low-resource language. The dataset is constructed using a BERT-based keyword…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tonmoy Talukder , G M Shahariar

The latest developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have demonstrated remarkable progress in a code-text retrieval problem. As the Transformer-based models used in this task continue to increase in size, the computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Karim Galliamov , Leila Khaertdinova , Karina Denisova

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on extensive text corpora, which are often unevenly distributed across languages. This imbalance results in LLMs performing significantly better on high-resource languages like English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zihao Li , Yucheng Shi , Zirui Liu , Fan Yang , Ali Payani , Ninghao Liu , Mengnan Du

Language model fine-tuning is essential for modern natural language processing, but is computationally expensive and time-consuming. Further, the effectiveness of fine-tuning is limited by the inclusion of training examples that negatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Richard Antonello , Nicole Beckage , Javier Turek , Alexander Huth

The spread of fake news, polarizing, politically biased, and harmful content on online platforms has been a serious concern. With large language models becoming a promising approach, however, no study has properly benchmarked their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Michele Joshua Maggini , Dhia Merzougui , Rabiraj Bandyopadhyay , Gaël Dias , Fabrice Maurel , Pablo Gamallo