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Multi-agent reinforcement learning faces fundamental challenges that conventional approaches have failed to overcome: exponentially growing joint action spaces, non-stationary environments where simultaneous learning creates moving targets,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hang Wang , Junshan Zhang

Training agents that can coordinate zero-shot with humans is a key mission in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Current algorithms focus on training simulated human partner policies which are then used to train a Cooperator agent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yancheng Liang , Daphne Chen , Abhishek Gupta , Simon S. Du , Natasha Jaques

In this paper, we study the problem of reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems where communication among agents is limited. We develop a decentralized actor-critic learning framework in which each agent performs several local updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaoxing Ren , Nicola Bastianello , Thomas Parisini , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Many artificial intelligence (AI) applications often require multiple intelligent agents to work in a collaborative effort. Efficient learning for intra-agent communication and coordination is an indispensable step towards general AI. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Peng Peng , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang , Quan Yuan , Zhenkun Tang , Haitao Long , Jun Wang

Autonomous assistance of people with motor impairments is one of the most promising applications of autonomous robotic systems. Recent studies have reported encouraging results using deep reinforcement learning (RL) in the healthcare…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Takayuki Osa , Tatsuya Harada

Adaptation is the cornerstone of effective collaboration among heterogeneous team members. In human-agent teams, artificial agents need to adapt to their human partners in real time, as individuals often have unique preferences and policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

Despite the growing interest in collaborative AI, designing systems that seamlessly integrate human input remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a task to systematically examine human preferences for collaborative agents. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Lukas William Mayer , Sheer Karny , Jackie Ayoub , Miao Song , Danyang Tian , Ehsan Moradi-Pari , Mark Steyvers

By using communication between multiple agents in multi-agent environments, one can reduce the effects of partial observability by combining one agent's observation with that of others in the same dynamic environment. While a lot of…

The increasing deployment of AI is shaping the future landscape of the internet, which is set to become an integrated ecosystem of AI agents. Orchestrating the interaction among AI agents necessitates decentralized, self-sustaining…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dima Ivanov , Paul Dütting , Inbal Talgam-Cohen , Tonghan Wang , David C. Parkes

Previous research using evolutionary computation in Multi-Agent Systems indicates that assigning fitness based on team vs.\ individual behavior has a strong impact on the ability of evolved teams of artificial agents to exhibit teamwork in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Alex C. Rollins , Jacob Schrum

Human players in professional team sports achieve high level coordination by dynamically choosing complementary skills and executing primitive actions to perform these skills. As a step toward creating intelligent agents with this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Jiachen Yang , Igor Borovikov , Hongyuan Zha

Multi-agent teaming achieves better performance when there is communication among participating agents allowing them to coordinate their actions for maximizing shared utility. However, when collaborating a team of agents with different…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Esmaeil Seraj , Zheyuan Wang , Rohan Paleja , Matthew Sklar , Anirudh Patel , Matthew Gombolay

Many real-world applications involve teams of agents that have to coordinate their actions to reach a common goal against potential adversaries. This paper focuses on zero-sum games where a team of players faces an opponent, as is the case,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Andrea Celli , Marco Ciccone , Raffaele Bongo , Nicola Gatti

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

Automated testing of computer games is a challenging problem, especially when lengthy scenarios have to be tested. Automating such a scenario boils down to finding the right sequence of interactions given an abstract description of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Samira Shirzadeh-hajimahmood , I. S. W. B. Prasteya , Mehdi Dastani , Frank Dignum

Adapting a single agent to a new multi-agent system brings challenges, necessitating adjustments across various tasks, environments, and interactions with unknown teammates and opponents. Addressing this challenge is highly complex, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chenxu Wang , Yonggang Jin , Cheng Hu , Youpeng Zhao , Zipeng Dai , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Huang , Liuyu Xiang , Junge Zhang , Zhaofeng He

Despite rapid technological progress, effective human-machine cooperation remains a significant challenge. Humans tend to cooperate less with machines than with fellow humans, a phenomenon known as the machine penalty. Here, we show that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhen Wang , Ruiqi Song , Chen Shen , Shiya Yin , Zhao Song , Balaraju Battu , Lei Shi , Danyang Jia , Talal Rahwan , Shuyue Hu

Sharing parameters in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning has played an essential role in allowing algorithms to scale to a large number of agents. Parameter sharing between agents significantly decreases the number of trainable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Filippos Christianos , Georgios Papoudakis , Arrasy Rahman , Stefano V. Albrecht

The increasing interest in research and innovation towards the development of autonomous agents presents a number of complex yet important scenarios of multiple AI Agents interacting with each other in an environment. The particular setting…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Kemboi Cheruiyot , Nickson Kiprotich , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Kennedy Mugo , Vivian Mwirigi , Marvin Ngesa