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In this paper, we propose a new type of graph, denoted as "embedded-graph", and its theory, which employs a distributed representation to describe the relations on the graph edges. Embedded-graphs can express linguistic and complicated…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Atsushi Yokoyama

The graph isomorphism, subgraph isomorphism, and graph edit distance problems are combinatorial problems with many applications. Heuristic exact and approximate algorithms for each of these problems have been developed for different kinds…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Sheung Chi Chan , James Cheney

Foucaud, Krishna and Lekshmi recently introduced the concept of monitoring edge-geodetic sets in graphs, and a related graph invariant. These are sets of vertices such that the removal of any edge changes the distance between some pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-20 John Haslegrave

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) aims to identify atypical graph entities, such as nodes, edges, or substructures, that deviate significantly from the majority. While existing text-rich approaches typically integrate structural context into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wen Shi , Zhe Wang , Huafei Huang , Qing Qing , Ziqi Xu , Qixin Zhang , Xikun Zhang , Renqiang Luo , Feng Xia

This paper presents a spectral framework for quantifying the differentiation between graph data samples by introducing a novel metric named Graph Geodesic Distance (GGD). For two different graphs with the same number of nodes, our framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Soumen Sikder Shuvo , Ali Aghdaei , Zhuo Feng

In recent years, the breakthrough of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers new ideas for achieving universal methods on graph data. The common practice of converting graphs into natural language for LLMs, which refers to graph flattening,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Bin Hong , Jinze Wu , Jiayu Liu , Liang Ding , Jing Sha , Kai Zhang , Shijin Wang , Zhenya Huang

Modern large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Claude, and Gemini have transformed the way we learn, work, and communicate. Yet, their ability to produce highly human-like text raises serious concerns about misinformation and academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Kai Ye , Ying Yang , Erhan Xu , Chengchun Shi

Most Probable Explanation (MPE) inference in Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) is a fundamental yet computationally challenging problem arising in domains such as diagnosis, planning, and structured prediction. In many practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Brij Malhotra , Shivvrat Arya , Tahrima Rahman , Vibhav Giridhar Gogate

The Progressive Edge Growth (PEG) algorithm is one of the most widely-used method for constructing finite length LDPC codes. In this paper we consider the PEG algorithm together with a scheduling distribution, which specifies the order in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-15 Lam Pham Sy , Valentin Savin , David Declercq , Nghia Pham

In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that current graph positional encodings (PEs) are not beneficial and could potentially hurt performance in tasks involving heterophilous graphs, where nodes that are close tend to have different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ito , Jiong Zhu , Dexiong Chen , Danai Koutra , Jenna Wiens

Data augmentation plays a critical role in improving model performance across various domains, but it becomes challenging with graph data due to their complex and irregular structure. To address this issue, we propose EPIC (Edit Path…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jaeseung Heo , Seungbeom Lee , Sungsoo Ahn , Dongwoo Kim

An added edge to a graph is called an inset edge. Predicting k inset edges which minimize the average distance of a graph is known to be NP-Hard. However, when k = 1 the complexity of the problem is polynomial. In this paper, some tools for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-08-14 M. H. Khalifeh , A. -H. Esfahanian

Link prediction is a crucial task in many downstream applications of graph machine learning. To this end, Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a widely used technique for link prediction, mainly in transductive settings, where the goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ahmed E. Samy , Zekarias T. Kefato , Sarunas Girdzijauskas

The computation of distance measures between nodes in graphs is inefficient and does not scale to large graphs. We explore dense vector representations as an effective way to approximate the same information: we introduce a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Andrey Kutuzov , Mohammad Dorgham , Oleksiy Oliynyk , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

Many real-world networks of interest are embedded in physical space. We present a new random graph model aiming to reflect the interplay between the geometries of the graph and of the underlying space. The model favors configurations with…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-14 Jean-Christophe Mourrat , Daniel Valesin

We present a method for balancing between the Local and Global Structures (LGS) in graph embedding, via a tunable parameter. Some embedding methods aim to capture global structures, while others attempt to preserve local neighborhoods. Few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jacob Miller , Vahan Huroyan , Stephen Kobourov

Graphs drawn in the plane are ubiquitous, arising from data sets through a variety of methods ranging from GIS analysis to image classification to shape analysis. A fundamental problem in this type of data is comparison: given a set of such…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Levent Batakci , Abigail Branson , Bryan Castillo , Candace Todd , Erin Wolf Chambers , Elizabeth Munch

Graph similarity is critical in graph-related tasks such as graph retrieval, where metrics like maximum common subgraph (MCS) and graph edit distance (GED) are commonly used. However, exact computations of these metrics are known to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhouyang Liu , Yixin Chen , Ning Liu , Jiezhong He , Dongsheng Li

We consider the task of drawing a graph on multiple horizontal layers, where each node is assigned a layer, and each edge connects nodes of different layers. Known algorithms determine the orders of nodes on each layer to minimize crossings…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Alexander Dobler , Jakob Roithinger

Learning from Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs) has attracted significant attention due to its wide range of real-world applications. The rapid evolution of language models (LMs) has revolutionized the way we process textual data, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Rui Xue , Xipeng Shen , Ruozhou Yu , Xiaorui Liu
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