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Over the past several decades, CDCL SAT solvers have proven remarkably effective on large industrial formulas, despite SAT being NP-complete and widely believed to be intractable. While considerable empirical research has been done on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shimin Zhang , Yechuan Xia , Chunxiao Li , Jianwen Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Vijay Ganesh

Automatic synthesis of hardware components from declarative specifications is an ambitious endeavor in computer aided design. Existing synthesis algorithms are often implemented with Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), inheriting their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Roderick Bloem , Robert Koenighofer , Martina Seidl

The Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem is the canonical NP-complete problem and is fundamental to computer science, with a wide array of applications in planning, verification, and theorem proving. Developing and evaluating practical SAT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Jiaxuan You , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Raghuram Ramanujan , Jure Leskovec

In the last three decades, memory safety issues in system programming languages such as C or C++ have been one of the significant sources of security vulnerabilities. However, there exist only a few attempts with limited success to cope…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Felipe R. Monteiro , Mikhail R. Gadelha , Lucas C. Cordeiro

The past three decades have witnessed notable success in designing efficient SAT solvers, with modern solvers capable of solving industrial benchmarks containing millions of variables in just a few seconds. The success of modern SAT solvers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jiong Yang , Arijit Shaw , Teodora Baluta , Mate Soos , Kuldeep S. Meel

Generating diverse solutions to the Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) is a hard computational problem with practical applications for testing and functional verification of software and hardware designs. We explore the way to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Karlis Freivalds , Sergejs Kozlovics

Despite their sophisticated heuristics, boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers are still vulnerable to symmetry, causing them to visit search regions that are symmetric to ones already explored. While symmetry handling is routine in other…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Markus Anders , Cayden Codel , Marijn J. H. Heule

A simple yet successful approach to parallel satisfiability (SAT) solving is to run several different (a portfolio of) SAT solvers on the input problem at the same time until one solver finds a solution. The SAT solvers in the portfolio can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Tomas Balyo , Peter Sanders , Carsten Sinz

We give a general method of construting quantum circuit for random \QTR{it}{satisfiability} (SAT) problems with the basic logic gates such as multi-qubit controlled-NOT and NOT gates. The sizes of these circuits are almost the same as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xinhua Peng , Xiwen Zhu , Kelin Gao

In this paper we present a new approach to solve the satisfiability problem (SAT), based on boolean networks (BN). We define a mapping between a SAT instance and a BN, and we solve SAT problem by simulating the BN dynamics. We prove that BN…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-01 Andrea Roli , Michela Milano

Satisfiability solvers are increasingly playing a key role in software verification, with particularly effective use in the analysis of security vulnerabilities. String processing is a key part of many software applications, such as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-03-17 Susmit Jha , Sanjit A. Seshia , Rhishikesh Limaye

We build a SAT solver implementing the DPLL algorithm in the verification-enabled programming language Dafny. The resulting solver is fully verified (soundness, completeness and termination are computer checked). We benchmark our Dafny…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Cezar-Constantin Andrici , Ştefan Ciobâcă

In order to classify the indeterministic termination behavior of the open source SAT solver CryptoMiniSat in multi-threading mode while processing hard to solve boolean satisfiability problem instances, internal solver runtime parameters…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-20 A. -M. Leventi-Peetz , Jörg-Volker Peetz , Martina Rohde

We consider the decision problem for quantifier-free formulas whose atoms are linear inequalities interpreted over the reals or rationals. This problem may be decided using satisfiability modulo theory (SMT), using a mixture of a SAT solver…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-04-23 David Monniaux

There is increasing interest in applying verification tools to programs that have bitvector operations (eg., binaries). SMT solvers, which serve as a foundation for these tools, have thus increased support for bitvector reasoning through…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Yuandong Cyrus Liu , Chengbin Pang , Daniel Dietsch , Eric Koskinen , Ton-Chanh Le , Georgios Portokalidis , Jun Xu

The robustness and correctness of SAT solvers are receiving more and more attention. In recent SAT competitions, a proof of unsatisfiability emitted by SAT solvers must be checked. So far, no proof checker has been efficient for every case.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Jingchao Chen

This work focuses on effectively generating diverse solutions for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas, targeting the theories of bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions, which is a critical task in software and hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuangyu Lyu , Chuan Luo , Ruizhi Shi , Wei Wu , Chanjuan Liu , Chunming Hu

Modern conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) Boolean SAT solvers provide efficient automatic analysis of real-world feature models (FM) of systems ranging from cars to operating systems. It is well-known that solver-based analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Jia Hui Liang , Vijay Ganesh , Venkatesh Raman , Krzysztof Czarnecki

SMT solvers have been used successfully as reasoning engines for automated verification and other applications based on automated reasoning. Current techniques for dealing with quantified formulas in SMT are generally incomplete, forcing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Andrew Reynolds , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett

The article "Interpolation and SAT-Based Model Checking" (McMillan, 2003) describes a formal-verification algorithm, which was originally devised to verify safety properties of finite-state transition systems. It derives interpolants from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Dirk Beyer , Nian-Ze Lee , Philipp Wendler