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The inverse relationship between the length of a word and the frequency of its use, first identified by G.K. Zipf in 1935, is a classic empirical law that holds across a wide range of human languages. We demonstrate that length is one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Stephan C. Meylan , Thomas L. Griffiths

While textual frequency has been validated as relevant to human cognition in reading speed, its relatedness to Large Language Models (LLMs) is seldom studied. We propose a novel research direction in terms of textual data frequency, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongyuan Adam Lu , Z. L. , Victor Wei , Zefan Zhang , Zhao Hong , Qiqi Xiang , Bowen Cao , Wai Lam

The study of neuronal morphology is important not only for its potential relationship with neuronal dynamics, but also as a means to classify diverse types of cells and compare than among species, organs, and conditions. In the present…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-11 Alexandre Benatti , Henrique F. de Arruda , Luciano da F. Costa

Despite strong performance on a variety of tasks, neural sequence models trained with maximum likelihood have been shown to exhibit issues such as length bias and degenerate repetition. We study the related issue of receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Jaedeok Kim , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kyunghyun Cho

In the domain of Morphology, Inflection is a fundamental and important task that gained a lot of traction in recent years, mostly via SIGMORPHON's shared-tasks. With average accuracy above 0.9 over the scores of all languages, the task is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Omer Goldman , David Guriel , Reut Tsarfaty

Large language models have been shown to behave inconsistently in response to meaning-preserving paraphrastic inputs. At the same time, researchers evaluate the knowledge and reasoning abilities of these models with test evaluations that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Neha Srikanth , Marine Carpuat , Rachel Rudinger

With a growing focus on morphological inflection systems for languages where high-quality data is scarce, training data noise is a serious but so far largely ignored concern. We aim at closing this gap by investigating the types of noise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Adam Wiemerslage , Changbing Yang , Garrett Nicolai , Miikka Silfverberg , Katharina Kann

Morphologically rich languages accentuate two properties of distributional vector space models: 1) the difficulty of inducing accurate representations for low-frequency word forms; and 2) insensitivity to distinct lexical relations that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Ivan Vulić , Nikola Mrkšić , Roi Reichart , Diarmuid Ó Séaghdha , Steve Young , Anna Korhonen

Understanding how cells respond to external stimuli is a central challenge in biomedical research and drug development. Current computational frameworks for modelling cellular responses remain restricted to two-dimensional representations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Reed Naidoo , Matt De Vries , Olga Fourkioti , Vicky Bousgouni , Mar Arias-Garcia , Maria Portillo-Malumbres , Chris Bakal

As NLP tools become ubiquitous in today's technological landscape, they are increasingly applied to languages with a variety of typological structures. However, NLP research does not focus primarily on typological differences in its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sophie Groenwold , Samhita Honnavalli , Lily Ou , Aesha Parekh , Sharon Levy , Diba Mirza , William Yang Wang

How does word frequency in pre-training data affect the behavior of similarity metrics in contextualized BERT embeddings? Are there systematic ways in which some word relationships are exaggerated or understated? In this work, we explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Kaitlyn Zhou , Kawin Ethayarajh , Dan Jurafsky

In derivational morphology, what mechanisms govern the variation in form-meaning relations between words? The answers to this type of questions are typically based on intuition and on observations drawn from limited data, even when a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hathout Nabil , Basilio Calderone , Fiammetta Namer , Franck Sajous

Recent research argues that exact recursive numeral systems optimize communicative efficiency by balancing a tradeoff between the size of the numeral lexicon and the average morphosyntactic complexity (roughly length in morphemes) of…

Health conditions among patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are monitored via electronic health records (EHRs), composed of numerical time series and lengthy clinical note sequences, both taken at irregular time intervals. Dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Xinlu Zhang , Shiyang Li , Zhiyu Chen , Xifeng Yan , Linda Petzold

Orthographic transparency -- how directly spelling is related to sound -- lacks a unified, script-agnostic metric. Using ideas from algorithmic information theory, we quantify orthographic transparency in terms of the mutual compressibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Charles J. Torres , Richard Futrell

There is an ongoing debate on whether neural networks can grasp the quasi-regularities in languages like humans. In a typical quasi-regularity task, English past tense inflections, the neural network model has long been criticized that it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Xiaomeng Ma , Lingyu Gao

How does knowledge of one language's morphology influence learning of inflection rules in a second one? In order to investigate this question in artificial neural network models, we perform experiments with a sequence-to-sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Katharina Kann

Recent investigations into the inner-workings of state-of-the-art large-scale pre-trained Transformer-based Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models indicate that they appear to know humanlike syntax, at least to some extent. We provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Koustuv Sinha , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Joelle Pineau , Adina Williams

For general modeling methods applied to diverse languages, a natural question is: how well should we expect our models to work on languages with differing typological profiles? In this work, we develop an evaluation framework for fair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Ryan Cotterell , Sabrina J. Mielke , Jason Eisner , Brian Roark

Morphological inflection generation is the task of generating the inflected form of a given lemma corresponding to a particular linguistic transformation. We model the problem of inflection generation as a character sequence to sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-23 Manaal Faruqui , Yulia Tsvetkov , Graham Neubig , Chris Dyer