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The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimation protocol. It has been shown recently that the Fisher information for a linear two-mode interferometer cannot exceed the number of particles…

Estimation of the phase delay between interferometer arms is the core of transmission phase microscopy. Such phase estimation may exhibit an error below the standard quantum (shot-noise) limit, if the input is an entangled two-mode state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Nilakantha Meher , Eilon Poem , Tomáš Opatrný , Ofer Firstenberg , Gershon Kurizki

Quantum metrology enables estimation of optical phase shifts with precision beyond the shot-noise limit. One way to exceed this limit is to use squeezed states, where the quantum noise of one observable is reduced at the expense of…

In this work, we address the central problem about how to effectively find the available precision limit of unknown parameters. In the framework of the quantum Ziv-Zakai bound (QZZB), we employ noiseless linear amplification (NLA)techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Wei Ye , Peng Xiao , Xiaofan Xu , Xiang Zhu , Yunbin Yan , Lu Wang , Jie Ren , Yuxuan Zhu , Ying Xia , Xuan Rao , Shoukang Chang

The quantum Fisher information (QFI) in SU(2) and SU(1,1) interferometers was considered, and the QFI-only calculation was overestimated. In general, the phase estimation as a two-parameter estimation problem, and the quantum Fisher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Jie Zeng , Dong Li , L. Q. Chen , Weiping Zhang , Chun-Hua Yuan

Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a powerful tool for a wide variety of measurements, has been realized with Bose-Einstein condensates in recent experiments. In this report, we propose and analyze a realizable scheme for performing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-13 Yixiao Huang , Wei Guo , Ning-Ju Hui , Zheng-Da Hu

Phase-shifting interferometry is one of the optical measurement techniques that improves accuracy and resolution by incorporating a controlled phase shift into conventional optical interferometry. In this study, a four-step phase-shifting…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Eita Shoji , Anis Maddi , Guillaume Penelet , Tetsushi Biwa

Measurement underpins all quantitative science. A key example is the measurement of optical phase, used in length metrology and many other applications. Advances in precision measurement have consistently led to important scientific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 B. L. Higgins , D. W. Berry , S. D. Bartlett , H. M. Wiseman , G. J. Pryde

We analyse the phase space representation of the optimal measurement of a phase shift in an interferometer with equal photon loss in both its arms. In the local phase estimation scenario with a fixed number of photons, we identify features…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Andrei B. Klimov , Marcin Zwierz , Sascha Wallentowitz , Marcin Jarzyna , Konrad Banaszek

Here we are investigating the enhancement in phase sensitivity and resolution in Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based quantum LiDAR. We are using multi-photonic state (MPS), superposition of four coherent states [1], as the input state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Priyanka Sharma , Manoj K. Mishra , Devendra Kumar Mishra

We derive a general expression of the quantum Fisher information for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the port inputs of an \emph{arbitrary} pure state and a squeezed thermal state. We find that the standard quantum limit can be beaten,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-20 Qing-Shou Tan , Jie-Qiao Liao , Xiaoguang Wang , Franco Nori

In this paper, we investigate the phase sensitivities in two-path optical interferometry with asymmetric beam splitters. Here, we present the optimal conditions for the transmission ratio and the phase of the beam splitter to gain the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-03 Wei Zhong , Fan Wang , Lan Zhou , Peng Xu , Yu-Bo Sheng

We propose an interferometric scheme for the estimation of a linear combination with non-negative weights of an arbitrary number $M>1$ of unknown phase delays, distributed across an $M$-channel linear optical network, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Dario Gatto , Paolo Facchi , Frank Narducci , Vincenzo Tamma

Phase-insensitive optical amplifiers uniformly amplify each quadrature of an input field and are of both fundamental and technological importance. We find the quantum limit on the precision of estimating the gain of a quantum-limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Ranjith Nair , Guo Yao Tham , Mile Gu

Determining the phase in one arm of a quantum interferometer is discussed taking into account the three non-ideal aspects in real experiments: non-deterministic state preparation, non-unitary state evolution due to losses during state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Thomas B. Bahder

We theoretically present the quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bounds (QCRB) of an SU(1,1) interferometer for Gaussian states input with and without the internal photonic losses. The phase shifts in the single arm and in the double arms are studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Qian-Kun Gong , Dong Li , Chun-Hua Yuan , Z. Y. Ou , Weiping Zhang

We propose to use the antisqueezing-enhanced non-Gaussian Schr\"odinger cat quantum states of the probing light for the task of detection of a given phase shift in optical interferometers. We show that the antisqueezing allows to increase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 V. L. Gorshenin , K. D. Dyadkin , S. D. Chikalkin

We study sensitivity of phase estimation of Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer with original two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) state. At the initial stage, the TMSV state is converted into two single-mode squeezed vacuum (SMSV) states, from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Mikhail S. Podoshvedov , Sergey A. Podoshvedov

Quantum entanglement can help to increase the precision of optical phase measurements beyond the shot noise limit (SNL) to the ultimate Heisenberg limit. However, the N-photon parity measurements required to achieve this optimal sensitivity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-22 G. Y. Xiang , H. F. Hofmann , G. J. Pryde

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear interferometer with feedback loops and explore its efficiency for phase estimation. We analyse two feedback schemes, one where both modes of the interferometer are fed-back into the device and another…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Shivani Singh , Craig S. Hamilton , Igor Jex