Related papers: The Syntax of the Accounting Language: A First Ste…
Informal logic is a method of argument analysis which is complementary to that of formal logic, providing for the pragmatic treatment of features of argumentation which cannot be reduced to logical form. The central claim of this paper is…
Argumentation is the process of constructing arguments about propositions, and the assignment of statements of confidence to those propositions based on the nature and relative strength of their supporting arguments. The process is modelled…
An argument can be seen as a pair consisting of a set of premises and a claim supported by them. Arguments used by humans are often enthymemes, i.e., some premises are implicit. To better understand, evaluate, and compare enthymemes, it is…
Earnings calls are a key source of financial information about public companies. However, extracting information from these calls is difficult. Unlike the templatic filings required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to…
Our aim is to give a friendly introduction for students to systolic inequalities. We will stress the relationships between the classical formulation for Riemannian metrics and more recent developments related to symplectic measurements and…
This article fits in the area of research that investigates the application of topological duality methods to problems that appear in theoretical computer science. One of the eventual goals of this approach is to derive results in…
This paper focuses on resolution in linguistic first order logic with truth value taken from linear symmetrical hedge algebra. We build the basic components of linguistic first order logic, including syntax and semantics. We present a…
The need for formal definition of the very basis of mathematics arose in the last century. The scale and complexity of mathematics, along with discovered paradoxes, revealed the danger of accumulating errors across theories. Although,…
We outline how utterances in dialogs can be interpreted using a partial first order logic. We exploit the capability of this logic to talk about the truth status of formulae to define a notion of coherence between utterances and explain how…
Eye movements during reading offer insights into both the reader's cognitive processes and the characteristics of the text that is being read. Hence, the analysis of scanpaths in reading have attracted increasing attention across fields,…
This research started with an algebra for reasoning about rely/guarantee concurrency for a shared memory model. The approach taken led to a more abstract algebra of atomic steps, in which atomic steps synchronise (rather than interleave)…
Written language is complex. A written text can be considered an attempt to convey a meaningful message which ends up being constrained by language rules, context dependence and highly redundant in its use of resources. Despite all these…
The syntactic Merge operation of the Minimalist Program in linguistics can be described mathematically in terms of Hopf algebras, with a formalism similar to the one arising in the physics of renormalization. This mathematical formulation…
This survey article gives an elementary introduction to the algebraic approach to Markov process duality, as opposed to the pathwise approach. In the algebraic approach, a Markov generator is written as the sum of products of simpler…
Named entity recognition (NER) is one of the best studied tasks in natural language processing. However, most approaches are not capable of handling nested structures which are common in many applications. In this paper we introduce a novel…
Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their practical deployment is hindered by significant computational costs. While adaptive computation methods like early-exiting promise to reduce these costs, they introduce…
In a previously published ENTCS paper (Santos et al. (2016)), we introduced a sequent calculus called $\mathbf{LMT^{\rightarrow}}$ for Minimal Implicational Propositional Logic ($\mathbf{LMT^{\rightarrow}}$). This calculus provides a proof…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, current approaches employ uniform language density for both intermediate reasoning and final answers, leading to computational…
Substitutions play a crucial role in a wide range of contexts, from analyzing the dynamics of social opinions and conducting mathematical computations to engaging in game-theoretical analysis. For many situations, considering one-step…
In this paper, we use a categorical and functorial set up to model the syntax and inference of logics with algebraic signature, extending previous works on algebraisation of logics. The main feature of this work is that structurality, or…