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We provide a learning-based technique for guessing a winning strategy in a parity game originating from an LTL synthesis problem. A cheaply obtained guess can be useful in several applications. Not only can the guessed strategy be applied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jan Kretinsky , Tobias Meggendorfer , Maximilian Prokop , Sabine Rieder

We consider a finite sequence of random points in a finite domain of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The points are sequentially allocated in the domain according to a model of cooperative sequential adsorption. The main peculiarity…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-11-11 V. Shcherbakov

Many recent flow-matching and diffusion-style generative models rely on auxiliary stochastic dynamics during training: a richer process is simulated to define conditional targets, but the auxiliary state is either intractable to sample at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Lukas Billera , Hedwig Nora Nordlinder , Ben Murrell

Today's probabilistic language generators fall short when it comes to producing coherent and fluent text despite the fact that the underlying models perform well under standard metrics, e.g., perplexity. This discrepancy has puzzled the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Clara Meister , Tiago Pimentel , Gian Wiher , Ryan Cotterell

We generalize the concept of local states (LS) for the prediction of high-dimensional, potentially mixed chaotic systems. The construction of generalized local states (GLS) relies on defining distances between time series on the basis of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-09-07 Sebastian Baur , Christoph Räth

In all but special circumstances, measurements of time-dependent processes reflect internal structures and correlations only indirectly. Building predictive models of such hidden information sources requires discovering, in some way, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Nihat Ay , James P. Crutchfield

Intrinsic quantum randomness is produced when a projective measurement on a given basis is implemented on a pure state that is not an element of the basis. The prepared state and implemented measurement are perfectly known, yet the measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Gabriel Senno , Thomas Strohm , Antonio Acín

Reconstructing a hypothetical recurrence equation from the first terms of an infinite sequence is a classical and well-known technique in experimental mathematics. We propose a variation of this technique which can succeed with fewer input…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Manuel Kauers , Christoph Koutschan

Compression techniques that support fast random access are a core component of any information system. Current state-of-the-art methods group documents into fixed-sized blocks and compress each block with a general-purpose adaptive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Christopher Hoobin , Simon J. Puglisi , Justin Zobel

Given a collection of strings, each with an associated probability of occurrence, the guesswork of each of them is their position in a list ordered from most likely to least likely, breaking ties arbitrarily. Guesswork is central to several…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Ahmad Beirami , Robert Calderbank , Mark Christiansen , Ken Duffy , Muriel Médard

We study a family of processes generated according to sequential probability assignments induced by the LZ78 universal compressor. We characterize entropic and distributional properties such as their entropy and relative entropy rates,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Naomi Sagan , Amir Dembo , Matthew Ho , Tsachy Weissman

This paper investigates the problem of guessing subject to distortion, which was introduced by Arikan and Merhav. While the primary concern of the previous study was asymptotic analysis, our primary concern is non-asymptotic analysis. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Shota Saito , Toshiyasu Matsushima

In this work we present a model for computation of random processes in digital computers which solves the problem of periodic sequences and hidden errors produced by correlations. We show that systems with non-invertible non-linearities can…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Monica A. Garcia-Nustes , Leonardo Trujillo , Jorge A. Gonzalez

We extend the key notion of Martin-L\"of randomness for infinite bit sequences to the quantum setting, where the sequences become states of an infinite dimensional system. We work towards showing an analogy with the Levin-Schnorr theorem to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 André Nies , Volkher Scholz

We present a novel framework for performing statistical sampling, expectation estimation, and partition function approximation using \emph{arbitrary} heuristic stochastic processes defined over discrete state spaces. Using a highly parallel…

Computation · Statistics 2015-12-04 Firas Hamze , Evgeny Andryash

Finite State Machine is a popular modeling notation for various systems, especially software and electronic. Test paths can be automatically generated from the system model to test such systems using a suitable algorithm. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Vaclav Rechtberger , Miroslav Bures , Bestoun S. Ahmed , Hynek Schvach

Although quantum states nicely explain experiments, the outcomes of experiments are not states. Instead, outcomes correspond to probability distributions. Twenty years ago we proved categorically that probability distributions leave open a…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 John M. Myers , Hadi Madjid

Many natural and engineered systems can be modeled as discrete state Markov processes. Often, only a subset of states are directly observable. Inferring the conditional probability that a system occupies a particular hidden state, given the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-04 Daniel Chen , Alexander G. Strang , Andrew W. Eckford , Peter J. Thomas

Speculative decoding has emerged as a pivotal technique to accelerate LLM inference by employing a lightweight draft model to generate candidate tokens that are subsequently verified by the target model in parallel. However, while this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuetao Chen , Xuliang Wang , Xinzhou Zheng , Ming Li , Peng Wang , Hong Xu

In this paper, we propose to mix the approach underlying Bandt-Pompe permutation entropy with Lempel-Ziv complexity, to design what we call Lempel-Ziv permutation complexity. The principle consists of two steps: (i) transformation of a…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-05-13 S. Zozor , D. Mateos , P. W. Lamberti