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Random forests are one of the most popular machine learning methods due to their accuracy and variable importance assessment. However, random forests only provide variable importance in a global sense. There is an increasing need for such…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Joshua Daniel Loyal , Ruoqing Zhu , Yifan Cui , Xin Zhang

We offer theoretical and empirical insights into the impact of exogenous randomness on the effectiveness of random forests with tree-building rules independent of training data. We formally introduce the concept of exogenous randomness and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-13 Tianxing Mei , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

We characterize and study variable importance (VIMP) and pairwise variable associations in binary regression trees. A key component involves the node mean squared error for a quantity we refer to as a maximal subtree. The theory naturally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-09-29 Hemant Ishwaran

Due to their power and ease of use, tree-based machine learning models, such as random forests and gradient-boosted tree ensembles, have become very popular. To interpret them, local feature attributions based on marginal expectations, e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Khashayar Filom , Alexey Miroshnikov , Konstandinos Kotsiopoulos , Arjun Ravi Kannan

Variable selection in sparse regression models is an important task as applications ranging from biomedical research to econometrics have shown. Especially for higher dimensional regression problems, for which the link function between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Burim Ramosaj , Markus Pauly

The effectiveness of anomaly signal detection can be significantly undermined by the inherent uncertainty of relying on one specified model. Under the framework of model average methods, this paper proposes a novel criterion to select the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-30 Gaoxiang Zhao , Lu Wang , Xiaoqiang Wang

Feature selection is a critical step in high-dimensional classification tasks, particularly under challenging conditions of double imbalance, namely settings characterized by both class imbalance in the response variable and dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-13 Fabio Demaria

Interpretable machine learning has emerged as central in leveraging artificial intelligence within high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where understanding the rationale behind model predictions is as critical as achieving high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Christel Sirocchi , Martin Urschler , Bastian Pfeifer

Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach provides accurate point estimates, it introduces systematic biases in downstream analyses.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Stef van Buuren

The wealth of data being gathered about humans and their surroundings drives new machine learning applications in various fields. Consequently, more and more often, classifiers are trained using not only numerical data but also complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Maciej Piernik , Dariusz Brzezinski , Pawel Zawadzki

This paper proposes a novel type of random forests called a denoising random forests that are robust against noises contained in test samples. Such noise-corrupted samples cause serious damage to the estimation performances of random…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Masaya Hibino , Akisato Kimura , Takayoshi Yamashita , Yuji Yamauchi , Hironobu Fujiyoshi

Random forest is widely exploited as an ensemble learning method. In many practical applications, however, there is still a significant challenge to learn from imbalanced data. To alleviate this limitation, we propose a deep dynamic boosted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Haixin Wang , Xingzhang Ren , Jinan Sun , Wei Ye , Long Chen , Muzhi Yu , Shikun Zhang

Random forests are a widely used machine learning algorithm, but their computational efficiency is undermined when applied to large-scale datasets with numerous instances and useless features. Herein, we propose a nonparametric feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xiaojun Mao , Liuhua Peng , Zhonglei Wang

Given the critical role of non-intrusive speech intelligibility assessment in hearing aids (HA), this paper enhances its performance by introducing Feature Importance across Domains (FiDo). We estimate feature importance on spectral and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Ryandhimas E. Zezario , Sabato M. Siniscalchi , Fei Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Yu Tsao

Quantifying the usefulness of individual features in random forests learning can greatly enhance its interpretability. Existing studies have shown that some popularly used feature importance measures for random forests suffer from the bias…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-14 Chien-Ming Chi , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

Dealing with datasets of very high dimension is a major challenge in machine learning. In this paper, we consider the problem of feature selection in applications where the memory is not large enough to contain all features. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-07 Antonio Sutera , Célia Châtel , Gilles Louppe , Louis Wehenkel , Pierre Geurts

Anomaly Detection is an unsupervised learning task aimed at detecting anomalous behaviours with respect to historical data. In particular, multivariate Anomaly Detection has an important role in many applications thanks to the capability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Mattia Carletti , Matteo Terzi , Gian Antonio Susto

A common approach for feature selection is to examine the variable importance scores for a machine learning model, as a way to understand which features are the most relevant for making predictions. Given the significance of feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Jack Dunn , Luca Mingardi , Ying Daisy Zhuo

Random forests are ensemble learning methods introduced by Breiman (2001) that operate by averaging several decision trees built on a randomly selected subspace of the data set. Despite their widespread use in practice, the respective roles…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Roxane Duroux , Erwan Scornet

Random Forests have become a widely used tool in machine learning since their introduction in 2001, known for their strong performance in classification and regression tasks. One key feature of Random Forests is the Random Forest…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Nico Föge , Lena Schmid , Marc Ditzhaus , Markus Pauly