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To improve the overall efficiency and reliability of Byzantine protocols in large sparse networks, we propose a new system assumption for developing multi-scale fault-tolerant systems, with which several kinds of multi-scale Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Shaolin Yu , Jihong Zhu , Jiali Yang , Yulong Zhan

The ability to perform repeated Byzantine agreement lies at the heart of important applications such as blockchain price oracles or replicated state machines. Any such protocol requires the following properties: (1) \textit{Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shlomi Dolev , Amit Hendin , Maurice Herlihy , Maria Potop Butucaru , Elad Michael Schiller

Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR) is an important building block for constructing permissioned blockchain systems. In contrast to Nakamoto Consensus where any block obtains higher assurance as buried deeper in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Zhuolun Xiang , Dahlia Malkhi , Kartik Nayak , Ling Ren

We address the challenges of Byzantine-robust training in asynchronous distributed machine learning systems, aiming to enhance efficiency amid massive parallelization and heterogeneous computing resources. Asynchronous systems, marked by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Tehila Dahan , Kfir Y. Levy

The security of many Proof-of-Stake (PoS) payment systems relies on quorum-based State Machine Replication (SMR) protocols. While classical analyses assume purely Byzantine faults, real-world systems must tolerate both arbitrary failures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zeta Avarikioti , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias , Ray Neiheiser , Christos Stefo

Consider a complete communication network of $n$ nodes, where the nodes receive a common clock pulse. We study the synchronous $c$-counting problem: given any starting state and up to $f$ faulty nodes with arbitrary behaviour, the task is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Christoph Lenzen , Joel Rybicki , Jukka Suomela

In this paper, we consider the Byzantine-robust stochastic optimization problem defined over decentralized static and time-varying networks, where the agents collaboratively minimize the summation of expectations of stochastic local cost…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Jie Peng , Weiyu Li , Qing Ling

Clock synchronization is a very fundamental task in distributed system. It thus makes sense to require an underlying clock synchronization mechanism to be highly fault-tolerant. A self-stabilizing algorithm seeks to attain synchronization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ariel Daliot , Danny Dolev , Hanna Parnas

To defend against Byzantine attacks in decentralized learning, most existing methods rely on robust aggregation rules to mitigate the influence of malicious machines. However, these strategies inherently introduce bias, leading to inexact…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-20 Siyuan Zhang , Chengde Qian , Xin Liu , Changliang Zou

Network coding increases throughput and is robust against failures and erasures. However, since it allows mixing of information within the network, a single corrupted packet generated by a Byzantine attacker can easily contaminate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-27 MinJi Kim , Muriel Medard , Joao Barros

Network coding achieves optimal throughput in multicast networks. However, throughput optimality \emph{relies} on the network nodes or routers to code \emph{correctly}. A Byzantine node may introduce junk packets in the network (thus…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-08-11 Raluca Ada Popa , Alessandro Chiesa , Tural Badirkhanli , Muriel Médard

We consider a MapReduce-type task running in a distributed computing model which consists of ${K}$ edge computing nodes distributed across the edge of the network and a Master node that assists the edge nodes to compute output functions.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Haoning Chen , Youlong Wu

The growing size of modern datasets necessitates splitting a large scale computation into smaller computations and operate in a distributed manner. Adversaries in a distributed system deliberately send erroneous data in order to affect the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Chien-Sheng Yang , A. Salman Avestimehr

Replicated services accessed via {\em quorums} enable each access to be performed at only a subset (quorum) of the servers, and achieve consistency across accesses by requiring any two quorums to intersect. Recently, $b$-masking quorum…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dahlia Malkhi , Michael Reiter , Avishai Wool

Byzantine fault tolerant protocols enable state replication in the presence of crashed, malfunctioning, or actively malicious processes. Designing such protocols without the assistance of verification tools, however, is remarkably…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joel Wanner , Laurent Chuat , Adrian Perrig

In distributed computing, a Byzantine fault is a condition where a component behaves inconsistently, showing different symptoms to different components of the system. Consensus among the correct components can be reached by appropriately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Zoltán Guba , István Finta , Ákos Budai , Lóránt Farkas , Zoltán Zimborás , András Pályi

With the slowdown of Moore's law, CPU-oriented packet processing in software will be significantly outpaced by emerging line speeds of network interface cards (NICs). Single-core packet-processing throughput has saturated. We consider the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qiongwen Xu , Sebastiano Miano , Xiangyu Gao , Tao Wang , Adithya Murugadass , Songyuan Zhang , Anirudh Sivaraman , Gianni Antichi , Srinivas Narayana

The problem of secure distributed batch matrix multiplication (SDBMM) studies the communication efficiency of retrieving a sequence of desired matrix products ${\bf AB}$ $=$ $({\bf A}_1{\bf B}_1,$ ${\bf A}_2{\bf B}_2,$ $\cdots,$ ${\bf…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Zhuqing Jia , Syed A. Jafar

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) based distributed algorithms can attain the largest capacity region as the centralized Max-Weight policy does. Despite their capability of achieving throughput-optimality, these algorithms can either…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Mehmet Karaca , Bjorn Landfeldt

Barrett's algorithm is one of the most widely used methods for performing modular multiplication, a critical nonlinear operation in modern privacy computing techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Haomin Li , Fangxin Liu , Chenyang Guan , Zongwu Wang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan