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We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides a framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems by characterizing statistical properties of local observables in energy eigenstates. Here we demonstrate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-11 Pavel Orlov , Rustem Sharipov , Enej Ilievski

We study the matrix elements of few-body observables, focusing on the off-diagonal ones, in the eigenstates of the two-dimensional transverse field Ising model. By resolving all symmetries, we relate the onset of quantum chaos to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 Rubem Mondaini , Marcos Rigol

The out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been proposed and widely used recently as a tool to define and describe many-body quantum chaos. Here, we develop the Keldysh non-linear sigma model technique to calculate these correlators…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-11-16 Yunxiang Liao , Victor Galitski

It was proposed recently that the out-of-time-ordered four-point correlator (OTOC) may serve as a useful characteristic of quantum-chaotic behavior, because in the semi-classical limit, $\hbar \to 0$, its rate of exponential growth…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-02-22 Efim B. Rozenbaum , Sriram Ganeshan , Victor Galitski

We prove bounds on operator growth and infinite temperature out-of-time-ordered correlators in many-body systems with $N$ spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ degrees of freedom which interact via two-body all-to-all interactions. Our results parametrically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Chao Yin , Andrew Lucas

The last decade has witnessed the remarkable progress in our understanding of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Combining the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis with quantum measurement theory, we extend the framework of quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-31 Yuto Ashida , Keiji Saito , Masahito Ueda

We consider a system of linear oscillators, or quantum states, described by Random Matrix Theory and analyze how its time evolution is affected by a nonlinear perturbation. Our numerical results show that above a certain chaos border a weak…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-18 Klaus M. Frahm , Dima L. Shepelyansky

We show that a bounded, isolated quantum system of many particles in a specific initial state will approach thermal equilibrium if the energy eigenfunctions which are superposed to form that state obey {\it Berry's conjecture}. Berry's…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Mark Srednicki

Out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs) and their higher-order generalizations present important probes of quantum information dynamics and scrambling. We introduce a solvable many-body quantum model, which we term boundary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Felix Fritzsch , Gabriel O. Alves , Michael A. Rampp , Pieter W. Claeys

Thermalization of an isolated quantum system has been a nontrivial problem since the early days of quantum mechanics. In generic isolated quantum systems, nonequilibrium dynamics is expected to result in thermalization, indicating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Tanmay Saha , Pratik Ghosal , Pratapaditya Bej , Abhishek Banerjee , Prasenjit Deb

The apparent randomness of chaotic eigenstates in interacting quantum systems hides subtle correlations dynamically imposed by their finite energy per particle. These correlations are revealed when Berrys approach for chaotic eigenfunctions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Florian Schoeppl , Remy Dubertrand , Juan-Diego Urbina , Klaus Richter

Eigenstate thermalization has been numerically shown to occur for few-body observables in a wide range of nonintegrable models. For intensive sums of few-body observables, a weaker version of eigenstate thermalization known as weak…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-13 Patrycja Łydżba , Rafał Świętek , Marcin Mierzejewski , Marcos Rigol , Lev Vidmar

A fundamental result in modern quantum chaos theory is the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford upper bound on the growth of out-of-time-order correlators, whose infinite-temperature limit is related to the operator-space entanglement entropy of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Zongping Gong , Lorenzo Piroli , J. Ignacio Cirac

We numerically study a Bose-Hubbard ring of finite size with disorder containing a finite number of bosons that are subject to an on-site two-body interaction. Our results show that moderate interactions induce dynamical thermalization in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-01-27 Peter Schlagheck , Dima L. Shepelyansky

We study thermalization in many-body quantum systems locally coupled to an external bath. It is shown that quantum chaotic systems do thermalize, that is, they exhibit relaxation to an invariant ergodic state which, in the bulk, is well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-31 Marko Znidaric , Tomaz Prosen , Giuliano Benenti , Giulio Casati , Davide Rossini

The thermalization phenomenon and many-body quantum statistical properties are studied on the example of several observables in isolated spin-chain systems, both integrable and generic non-integrable ones. While diagonal matrix elements for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-17 Robin Steinigeweg , Jacek Herbrych , Peter Prelovšek

We conjecture a chaos energy bound, an upper bound on the energy dependence of the Lyapunov exponent for any classical/quantum Hamiltonian mechanics and field theories. The conjecture states that the Lyapunov exponent $\lambda(E)$ grows no…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-28 Koji Hashimoto , Keiju Murata , Norihiro Tanahashi , Ryota Watanabe

Time dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been an elusive subject. Very recently, however, meaningful experimental studies of the problem have finally become possible, stimulating theoretical interest as well. Progress in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-06-11 Marcos Rigol , Vanja Dunjko , Maxim Olshanii

We address the question of the relevance of thermalization to the increase of correlations in the quench dynamics of an isolated system with a finite number of interacting bosons. Specifically, we study how, in the process of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-16 Fausto Borgonovi , Felix M. Izrailev