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We consider the problem of robust multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents, mainly those trained in a centralized way, can be brittle because they can adopt policies that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 T. van der Heiden , C. Salge , E. Gavves , H. van Hoof

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex tasks. However, existing works often rely on manual designs or "one-size-fits-all" automation, lacking dynamic adaptability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guangyi Liu , Haojun Lin , Huan Zeng , Heng Wang , Quanming Yao

Collaborative decision making in multi-agent systems typically requires a predefined communication protocol among agents. Usually, agent-level observations are locally processed and information is exchanged using the predefined protocol,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Homagni Saha , Vijay Venkataraman , Alberto Speranzon , Soumik Sarkar

To improve the reasoning and question-answering capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), several multi-agent approaches have been introduced. While these methods enhance performance, the application of collective intelligence-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Ciaran Regan , Alexandre Gournail , Mizuki Oka

There is an growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems to tackle interactive real-world tasks that require effective collaboration and assessing complex situations. Yet, we still have a limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Sarath Sivaprasad , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

Multi-agent systems (MAS) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to solve tasks that are beyond the reach of any single LLM. However, this potential can only be realized when the collaboration mechanism between agents is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Samuel Horvath , Karthik Nandakumar

Multi-agent AI systems can be used for simulating collective decision-making in scientific and practical applications. They can also be used to introduce a diverse group discussion step in chatbot pipelines, enhancing the cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Lav R. Varshney

Natural language has long enabled human cooperation, but its lossy, ambiguous, and indirect nature limits the potential of collective intelligence. While machines are not subject to these constraints, most LLM-based multi-agent systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yujia Zheng , Zhuokai Zhao , Zijian Li , Yaqi Xie , Mingze Gao , Lizhu Zhang , Kun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed as assistants in planning and decision making, yet most existing systems are implicitly optimized for a single-principal interaction paradigm, in which the model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Hao Zhu , José Ramón Enríquez , Di Wang , Alex Pentland , Michiel A. Bakker , Jiaxin Pei

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-based MAS), where multiple LLM agents collaborate to solve complex tasks, have shown impressive performance in many areas. However, MAS are typically distributed across different devices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhilun Zhou , Zihan Liu , Jiahe Liu , Qingyu Shao , Yihan Wang , Kun Shao , Depeng Jin , Fengli Xu

Context. The problem of comparative evaluation of communication protocols for task orchestration by large language model (LLM) agents is considered. The object of study is the process of interaction between LLM agents and external tools, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ivan Dobrovolskyi

This paper presents a novel design of a multi-agent system framework that applies large language models (LLMs) to automate the parametrization of simulation models in digital twins. This framework features specialized LLM agents tasked with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Xia , Daniel Dittler , Nasser Jazdi , Haonan Chen , Michael Weyrich

Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin , Manzi Li , Linghao Wang , Zheng Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with reinforcement learning and verifiable rewards have achieved strong results on complex reasoning tasks. Recent work extends this paradigm to a multi-agent setting, where a meta-thinking agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhiwei Zhang , Xiaomin Li , Yudi Lin , Hui Liu , Ramraj Chandradevan , Linlin Wu , Minhua Lin , Fali Wang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Logic-based representations of multi-agent systems have been extensively studied. In this work, we focus on the action language BC to formalize global views of MAS domains. Methodologically, we start representing the behaviour of each agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Orkunt Sabuncu , Torsten Schaub , Christian Schulz-Hanke

The traditional ML development methodology does not enable a large number of contributors, each with distinct objectives, to work collectively on the creation and extension of a shared intelligent system. Enabling such a collaborative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Andrea Gesmundo

Recent interest in Multi-Agent Systems of Large Language Models (MAS LLMs) has led to an increase in frameworks leveraging multiple LLMs to tackle complex tasks. However, much of this literature appropriates the terminology of MAS without…

Cooperative information shared among a multi-agent system (MAS) can be useful to agents to efficiently fulfill their missions. Relying on wrong information, however, can have severe consequences. While classical approaches only consider…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-23 Johannes Müller , Tobias Meuser , Ralf Steinmetz , Michael Buchholz

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems are increasingly used to simulate human interactions and solve collaborative tasks. A common practice is to assign agents with personas to encourage behavioral diversity. However, this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayi Li , Xiao Liu , Yansong Feng

As large language models (LLMs) transition from static tools to fully agentic systems, their potential for transforming social science research has become increasingly evident. This paper introduces a structured framework for understanding…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jennifer Haase , Sebastian Pokutta