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Short-depth algorithms are crucial for reducing computational error on near-term quantum computers, for which decoherence and gate infidelity remain important issues. Here we present a machine-learning approach for discovering such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Lukasz Cincio , Yiğit Subaşı , Andrew T. Sornborger , Patrick J. Coles

An ideal system of $n$ qubits has $2^n$ dimensions. This exponential grants power, but also hinders characterizing the system's state and dynamics. We study a new problem: the qubits in a physical system might not be independent. They can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt , Chris Sutherland , Thomas Vidick

The maximal overlap with the fully separable state for the multipartite entangled pure state with translational invariance is studied explicitly by some exact and numerical evaluations, focusing on the one-dimensional qubit system and some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 H. T. Cui , Di Yuan , J. L. Tian

Overlap between two neural quantum states can be computed through Monte Carlo sampling by evaluating the unnormalized probability amplitudes on a subset of basis configurations. Due to the presence of probability amplitude ratios in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Tomasz Szołdra

It is a fundamental consequence of the superposition principle for quantum states that there must exist non-orthogonal states, that is states that, although different, have a non-zero overlap. This finite overlap means that there is no way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 Stephen M. Barnett , Sarah Croke

Superposition, arguably the most fundamental property of quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of quantum information science. However, how to create the superposition of any two unknown pure states remains as a daunting challenge. Recently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-10 Keren Li , Guofei Long , Hemant Katiyar , Tao Xin , Guanru Feng , Dawei Lu , Raymond Laflamme

It is a central fact in quantum mechanics that non-orthogonal states cannot be distinguished perfectly. This property ensures the security of quantum key distribution. It is therefore an important task in quantum communication to design and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Lorcan O. Conlon , Falk Eilenberger , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

We present a scheme for a universal device which can be programmed by quantum states to approximate a chosen projective measurement to a given precision. Our scheme can be viewed as an extension of the swap test to the instance where one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-20 Ulysse Chabaud , Eleni Diamanti , Damian Markham , Elham Kashefi , Antoine Joux

Given multiple copies of a mixed quantum state with an unknown, nondegenerate principal eigenspace, quantum state purification is the task of recovering a quantum state that is closer to the principal eigenstate. A streaming protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Daniel Grier , Debbie Leung , Zhi Li , Hakop Pashayan , Luke Schaeffer

We theoretically investigate schemes to discriminate between two nonorthogonal quantum states given multiple copies. We consider a number of state discrimination schemes as applied to nonorthogonal, mixed states of a qubit. In particular,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 B. L. Higgins , A. C. Doherty , S. D. Bartlett , G. J. Pryde , H. M. Wiseman

In this article we propose a method to estimate with high accuracy pure quantum states of a single qudit. Our method is based on the minimization of the squared error between the complex probability amplitudes of the unknown state and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 A. Rojas , L. Pereira , S. Niklitschek , A. Delgado

It is now experimentally possible to entangle thousands of qubits, and efficiently measure each qubit in parallel in a distinct basis. To fully characterize an unknown entangled state of $n$ qubits, one requires an exponential number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Jordan Cotler , Frank Wilczek

Quantum state elimination measurements tell us what states a quantum system does not have. This is different from state discrimination, where one tries to determine what the state of a quantum system is, rather than what it is not. Apart…

We present optimal measuring strategies for the estimation of the entanglement of unknown two-qubit pure states and of the degree of mixing of unknown single-qubit mixed states, of which N identical copies are available. The most general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Acin , R. Tarrach , G. Vidal

The quantum analogue of the equality function, known as the quantum state identity problem, is the task of deciding whether $n$ unknown quantum states are equal or unequal, given the promise that all states are either pairwise orthogonal or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Harry Buhrman , Dmitry Grinko , Philip Verduyn Lunel , Jordi Weggemans

We study informationally overcomplete measurements for quantum state estimation so as to clarify their tomographic significance as compared with minimal informationally complete measurements. We show that informationally overcomplete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-06 Huangjun Zhu

Characterising large-scale quantum systems is central to fundamental physics and essential for applications of quantum technologies. While a full characterisation requires exponentially increasing resources, focusing on application-relevant…

Unambiguous discrimination and exact cloning reduce the square-overlap between quantum states, exemplifying the more general type of procedure we term state separation. We obtain the maximum probability with which two equiprobable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Anthony Chefles , Stephen M. Barnett

We investigate the unambiguous comparison of quantum states in a scenario that is more general than the one that was originally suggested by Barnett et al. First, we find the optimal solution for the comparison of two states taken from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Kleinmann , H. Kampermann , D. Bruss

The goal of qubit purification is to combine multiple noisy copies of an unknown pure quantum state to obtain one or more copies that are closer to the pure state. We show that a simple protocol based solely on random SWAP tests achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Shrigyan Brahmachari , Austin Hulse , Henry D. Pfister , Iman Marvian