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Double-diffusive convection, often referred to as semi-convection in astrophysics, occurs in thermally and compositionally stratified systems which are stable according to the Ledoux-criterion but unstable according to the Schwarzchild…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Erica Rosenblum , Pascale Garaud , Adrienne Traxler , Stephan Stellmach

Climate models simulate a strong land-ocean contrast in the response of near-surface relative humidity to global warming: relative humidity tends to increase slightly over oceans but decrease substantially over land. Surface energy balance…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Michael P. Byrne , Paul A. O'Gorman

Across the stable density stratification of the abyssal ocean, deep dense water is slowly propelled upward by sustained, though irregular, turbulent mixing. The resulting mean upwelling determines large-scale oceanic circulation properties…

Buoyancy effects in unstably stratified mixing layers express themselves through gravity currents of heavy fluid which propagate in an ambient lighter fluid. These currents are encountered in numerous geophysical flows, industrial safety…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernard J. Geurts

The diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) may play an important role for cloud organization above the tropical ocean, with implications for precipitation extremes, storminess, and climate sensitivity. Recent cloud-resolving…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Reyk Börner , Jan O. Haerter , Romain Fiévet

Lee waves generated by stratified flow over rough bottom topography in the ocean extract momentum and energy from the geostrophic flow, causing drag and enhancing turbulence and mixing in the interior ocean when they break. Inviscid linear…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-09-01 Lois Baker , Ali Mashayek

A possible deepening of the ocean mixed layer was investigated at a selected point of the Patagonian continental shelf where a significant positive wind speed trend was estimated. Using a 1-dimensional vertical numerical model (S2P3) forced…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Juan Zanella , Ezequiel Alvarez , Andres Pescio , Walter Dragani

We study the evaporation-induced stratification of a mixture of short and long polymer chains in a drying droplet using molecular simulations. We systematically investigate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions (HI) on this process by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-08-26 Michael P. Howard , Arash Nikoubashman

We present a numerical simulation of a granular material using hydrodynamic equations. We show that, in the absence of external forces, such a system phase-separates into high density and low density regions. We show that this separation is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Scott A. Hill , Gene F. Mazenko

The interaction among quasi-geostrophic mesoscale eddies, submesoscale fronts, and boundary layer turbulence (BLT) is a central problem in upper ocean dynamics. We investigate these multiscale dynamics using a novel large-eddy simulation on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-21 S. Peng , S. Silvestri , A. Bodner

We investigate how surface waves enhance mixing across the interface between two miscible fluids with a small density contrast. Imposing a vertical, time-periodic acceleration, we excite Faraday waves both experimentally and numerically. In…

Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Namrah Habib , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

Protostellar accretion discs have cool, dense midplanes where externally originating ionisation sources such as X-rays or cosmic rays are unable to penetrate. This suggests that for a wide range of radii, MHD turbulence can only be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Martin Ilgner , Richard P. Nelson

Layer formation in a thermally destabilized fluid with stable density gradient has been observed in laboratory experiments and has been proposed as a mechanism for mixing molecular weight in late stages of stellar evolution in regions which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Joseph A. Biello

We introduce a simple and efficient algorithm for diffusion in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and apply it to the problem of chemical mixing. Based on the concept of turbulent diffusion, we link the diffusivity of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Thomas H. Greif , Simon C. O. Glover , Volker Bromm , Ralf S. Klessen

We investigate the influence of intermixing on heteroepitaxial growth dynamics, using a two-dimensional point island model, expected to be a good approximation in the early stages of epitaxy. In this model, which we explore both…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-22 K. I. Mazzitello , L. M. Delgado , J. L. Iguain

Latent heat flux is a primary pathway for ocean-atmosphere exchange of heat and moisture, yet the influence of sea surface temperature variability at fine scales ($\leq$ 100 km) on latent heat flux variability, particularly over the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Lucie Reymondet , Lia Siegelman , Luc Lenain

Density discontinuities cannot be precisely modelled in standard formulations of smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) because the density field is defined smoothly as a kernel-weighted sum of neighbouring particle masses. This is a…

While advances in computation are enabling finer grid resolutions in numerical weather prediction models, representing land-atmosphere exchange processes as a lower boundary condition remains a challenge. This partially results of the fact…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-01-03 Fabien Margairaz , Eric Pardyjak , Marc Calaf

Atmospheric variations over time and space boost planetary cooling, as outgoing internal flux responds to stellar radiation and opacity. Vertical mixing regulates this cooling. Our study examines how gravity waves or large-scale induced…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-05 Wei Zhong , Zhen-Tai Zhang , Bo Ma , Xianyu Tan , Dong-dong Ni , Cong Yu