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An algorithm is proposed, analyzed, and tested for solving continuous nonlinear-equality-constrained optimization problems where the objective and constraint functions are defined by expectations or averages over large, finite numbers of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Frank E. Curtis , Lingjun Guo , Daniel P. Robinson

Differentiable sorting algorithms allow training with sorting and ranking supervision, where only the ordering or ranking of samples is known. Various methods have been proposed to address this challenge, ranging from optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Felix Petersen , Christian Borgelt , Hilde Kuehne , Oliver Deussen

If a model has some behavioral tendency, such as sycophancy or misalignment, and it is trained on its own outputs, will the tendency be amplified in the next generation of models? We study this question by training a series of models where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zephaniah Roe , Jack Sanderson , Dang Nguyen , Julian Huang , Todd Nief , Aryan Shrivastava , Chenhao Tan , Ari Holtzman

We consider the following basic learning task: given independent draws from an unknown distribution over a discrete support, output an approximation of the distribution that is as accurate as possible in $\ell_1$ distance (i.e. total…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Gregory Valiant , Paul Valiant

Taxonomies have been widely used in various machine learning and text mining systems to organize knowledge and facilitate downstream tasks. One critical challenge is that, as data and business scope grow in real applications, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Xiangchen Song , Jiaming Shen , Jieyu Zhang , Jiawei Han

We study the space requirements of a sorting algorithm where only items that at the end will be adjacent are kept together. This is equivalent to the following combinatorial problem: Consider a string of fixed length n that starts as a…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Svante Janson

The two-sample problem, which consists in testing whether independent samples on $\mathbb{R}^d$ are drawn from the same (unknown) distribution, finds applications in many areas. Its study in high-dimension is the subject of much attention,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Stephan Clémençon , Myrto Limnios , Nicolas Vayatis

In the classical setting of self-selection, the goal is to learn $k$ models, simultaneously from observations $(x^{(i)}, y^{(i)})$ where $y^{(i)}$ is the output of one of $k$ underlying models on input $x^{(i)}$. In contrast to mixture…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Yeshwanth Cherapanamjeri , Constantinos Daskalakis , Andrew Ilyas , Manolis Zampetakis

Independence testing is a fundamental problem in statistical inference: given samples from a joint distribution $p$ over multiple random variables, the goal is to determine whether $p$ is a product distribution or is $\epsilon$-far from all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Maryam Aliakbarpour , Alireza Azizi , Ria Stevens

The influence of class orderings in the evaluation of incremental learning has received very little attention. In this paper, we investigate the impact of class orderings for incrementally learned classifiers. We propose a method to compute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Marc Masana , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer

Optimal designs are usually model-dependent and likely to be sub-optimal if the postulated model is not correctly specified. In practice, it is common that a researcher has a list of candidate models at hand and a design has to be found…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Mingyao Ai , Holger Dette , Zhengfu Liu , Jun Yu

Iterative self-training (self-distillation) repeatedly refits a model on pseudo-labels generated by its own predictions. We study this procedure in overparameterized linear regression: an initial estimator is trained on noisy labels, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Mingqi Wu , Archer Y. Yang , Qiang Sun

When iteratively solving linear systems By=b with Hermitian positive semi-definite $B$, and in particular when solving least-squares problems for $Ax=b$ by reformulating them as $AA^\ast y=b$, it is often observed that SOR-type methods…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-21 Peter Oswald , Weiqi Zhou

In this article, recent results about point processes are used in sampling theory. Precisely, we define and study a new class of sampling designs: determinantal sampling designs. The law of such designs is known, and there exists a simple…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-27 Vincent Loonis , Xavier Mary

Many real life situations require a set of items to be repeatedly placed in a random sequence. In such circumstances, it is often desirable to test whether such randomization indeed obtains, yet this problem has received very limited…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-14 Darren Grant

Respondent-driven sampling is a widely-used network sampling technique, designed to sample from hard-to-reach populations. Estimation from the resulting samples is an area of active research, with software available to compute at least four…

Applications · Statistics 2010-12-21 Amber Tomas , Krista J. Gile

This paper studies the random-coding exponent of joint source-channel coding for a scheme where source messages are assigned to disjoint subsets (referred to as classes), and codewords are independently generated according to a distribution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Adrià Tauste Campo , Gonzalo Vazquez-Vilar , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas , Tobias Koch , Alfonso Martinez

We consider the problem of learning classification trees that are robust to distribution shifts between training and testing/deployment data. This problem arises frequently in high stakes settings such as public health and social work where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nathan Justin , Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Consider a random sample $X_1 , X_2 , ..., X_n$ drawn independently and identically distributed from some known sampling distribution $P_X$. Let $X_{(1)} \le X_{(2)} \le ... \le X_{(n)}$ represent the order statistics of the sample. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Alex Dytso , Martina Cardone , Cynthia Rush

In the real world, a learning system could receive an input that is unlike anything it has seen during training. Unfortunately, out-of-distribution samples can lead to unpredictable behaviour. We need to know whether any given input belongs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Alireza Shafaei , Mark Schmidt , James J. Little