Related papers: Base phi representations and golden mean beta-expa…

Beta-integers (``$\beta$-integers'') are those numbers which are the counterparts of integers when real numbers are expressed in irrational basis $\beta > 1$. In quasicrystalline studies $\beta$-integers supersede the ``crystallographic''…

Consider a finite field $\mathbb F_q$, $q=p^d$, where $p$ is an odd number. Let $M=(E,r)$ be a regular matroid; denote by ${\mathcal B}$ the family of its bases, $\bar s(M;\alpha)=\sum_{B\in {\mathcal B}}\prod_{e\not\in B} \alpha_e$, where…

For an integer $b\geq 2$, a positive integer is called a $b$-Niven number if it is a multiple of the sum of the digits in its base-$b$ representation. In this article, we show that every arithmetic progression contains infinitely many…

In this document, prime numbers are related as functions over time, mimicking the Sieve of Eratosthenes. For this purpose, the mathematical representation is a uni-dimentional time line depicting the number line for positive natural numbers…

Let $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ be a finite field with $q^n$ elements. For a positive divisor $r$ of $q^n-1$, the element $\alpha \in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}^*$ is called \textit{$r$-primitive} if its multiplicative order is $(q^n-1)/r$. Also, for a…

The notion of 'bifurcating continued fractions' is introduced. Two coupled sequences of non-negative integers are obtained from an ordered pair of positive real numbers in a manner that generalizes the notion of continued fractions. These…

For a given base $\gamma$ and a digit set ${\mathcal B}$ we consider optimal representations of a number $x$, as defined by Dajani at al. in 2012. For a non-integer negative base $\gamma=-\beta<-1$ and the digit set ${\mathcal…

Let $X=\sum_{k=1}^\infty X_k \beta^{-k}$ be the base-$\beta$ expansion of a continuous random variable $X$ on the unit interval where $\beta$ is the positive solution to $\beta^n = 1 + \beta + \cdots + \beta^{n-1}$ for an integer $n\ge 2$…

This paper extends earlier work on quantum theory representations of natural numbers N, integers I, and rational numbers Ra to describe a space of these representations and transformations on the space. The space is parameterized by 4-tuple…

We investigate integers whose base $g$ expansion omits a fixed digit and which can be represented as a sum of two prime squares. In the first part of the paper, we apply the Hardy--Littlewood circle method to obtain asymptotic formulas for…

The connective constant $\mu(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks starting at a given vertex. We investigate the validity of the inequality $\mu \ge \phi$ for infinite, transitive, simple,…

We use nearly parallel pure states to characterize positive linear functionals $\phi$ on $\mathbb{M}_n$ as positive multiples of the trace if and only if $\phi(A \natural B) \leq \sqrt{\phi(A) \phi(B)}$ for all positive definite matrices…

Let $s_{k}(n)$ denote the sum of digits of an integer $n$ in base $k$. Motivated by certain identities of Nieto, and Bateman and Bradley involving sums of the form $\sum_{i=0}^{2^{n}-1}(-1)^{s_{2}(i)}(x+i)^{m}$ for $m=n$ and $m=n+1$, we…

For $b>1$ and $\alpha\beta$ a string of two digits in base $b$, let $K_1$ be the subsum of the harmonic series with only those integers having exactly one occurrence of $\alpha\beta$. We obtain a theoretical representation of such $K_1$…

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$. Lekkerkerker proved that the average number of summands for integers in $[F_n,…

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic 0, $f:\mathbb{N}\to K$ be a multiplicative function, and $F(z)=\sum_{n\geq 1} f(n)z^n\in K[[z]]$ be algebraic over $K(z)$. Then either there is a natural number $k$ and a periodic multiplicative function…

It is proven that, contrarily to the common belief, the notion of zero is not necessary for having positional representations of numbers. Namely, for any positive integer $k$, a positional representation with the symbols for $1, 2, \ldots,…

Let $G$ be a chordal graph and $I(G)$ its edge ideal. Let $\beta (I(G)) = (\beta_0, \beta_1, ..., \beta_p)$ denote the Betti sequence of $I(G)$, where $\beta_i$ stands for the $i$th total Betti number of $I(G)$ and where $p$ is the…

We study Birkhoff sums S(k,a) = g(a)+g(2a)+...+g(ka) at the golden mean rotation number a with periodic continued fraction approximations p(n)/q(n), where g(x) = log(2-2 cos(2 pi x). The summation of such quantities with logarithmic…

We introduce a recursive theory that completely axiomatizes the structure $\langle \mathbb{Z},<, +,f,0\rangle$ where $f$ is the function that maps each $x$ to the integer part of $\varphi x $, with $\varphi$ the golden ratio. We prove that…