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Keyword spotting (KWS) is an essential function that enables interaction with ubiquitous smart devices. However, in resource-limited devices, KWS models are often static and can thus not adapt to new scenarios, such as added keywords. To…

Most of the existing neural-based models for keyword spotting (KWS) in smart devices require thousands of training samples to learn a decent audio representation. However, with the rising demand for smart devices to become more…

Despite their great performance over the years, handcrafted speech features are not necessarily optimal for any particular speech application. Consequently, with greater or lesser success, optimal filterbank learning has been studied for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jesper Jensen

Learning to recognize new keywords with just a few examples is essential for personalizing keyword spotting (KWS) models to a user's choice of keywords. However, modern KWS models are typically trained on large datasets and restricted to a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-07 Abhijeet Awasthi , Kevin Kilgour , Hassan Rom

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) in continuous speech streams holds significant practical value across a wide range of real-world applications. While increasing attention has been paid to the role of different modalities in KWS, their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kewei Li , Yinan Zhong , Xiaotao Liang , Tianchi Dai , Shaofei Xue

A keyword spotting (KWS) system determines the existence of, usually predefined, keyword in a continuous speech stream. This paper presents a query-by-example on-device KWS system which is user-specific. The proposed system consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Byeonggeun Kim , Mingu Lee , Jinkyu Lee , Yeonseok Kim , Kyuwoong Hwang

The keyword spotting (KWS) problem requires large amounts of real speech training data to achieve high accuracy across diverse populations. Utilizing large amounts of text-to-speech (TTS) synthesized data can reduce the cost and time…

Accurate on-device keyword spotting (KWS) with low false accept and false reject rate is crucial to customer experience for far-field voice control of conversational agents. It is particularly challenging to maintain low false reject rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Anirudh Raju , Sankaran Panchapagesan , Xing Liu , Arindam Mandal , Nikko Strom

In this paper, we propose a sequence-to-sequence model for keyword spotting (KWS). Compared with other end-to-end architectures for KWS, our model simplifies the pipelines of production-quality KWS system and satisfies the requirement of…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Haitong Zhang , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

Keyword spotting (KWS) and speaker verification (SV) are two important tasks in speech applications. Research shows that the state-of-art KWS and SV models are trained independently using different datasets since they expect to learn…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Li Wang , Rongzhi Gu , Weiji Zhuang , Peng Gao , Yujun Wang , Yuexian Zou

Few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) models usually require large-scale annotated datasets to generalize to unseen target keywords. However, existing KWS datasets are limited in scale and gathering keyword-like labeled data is costly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Keyword spotting (KWS) and speaker verification (SV) have been studied independently although it is known that acoustic and speaker domains are complementary. In this paper, we propose a multi-task network that performs KWS and SV…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-10 Myunghun Jung , Youngmoon Jung , Jahyun Goo , Hoirin Kim

In this paper, we propose a multilingual query-by-example keyword spotting (KWS) system based on a residual neural network. The model is trained as a classifier on a multilingual keyword dataset extracted from Common Voice sentences and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Paul M. Reuter , Christian Rollwage , Bernd T. Meyer

Keyword Spotting (KWS) remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy. Recently proposed metric learning approaches improved the generalizability of models for the KWS task, and 1D-CNN based KWS…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Li Wang , Rongzhi Gu , Nuo Chen , Yuexian Zou

As advancements in technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Speaker Verification (SV), and Text-to-Speech (TTS) lead to increased usage of intelligent voice assistants, the demand for privacy and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Jianan Pan , Kejie Huang

Thanks to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the accuracy of Keyword Spotting (KWS) has made substantial progress. However, as KWS systems are usually implemented on edge devices, energy efficiency becomes a critical requirement besides…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Shuai Wang , Dehao Zhang , Kexin Shi , Yuchen Wang , Wenjie Wei , Jibin Wu , Malu Zhang

In this paper, we present a novel approach to adapt a sequence-to-sequence Transformer-Transducer ASR system to the keyword spotting (KWS) task. We achieve this by replacing the keyword in the text transcription with a special token <kw>…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Beltrán Labrador , Guanlong Zhao , Ignacio López Moreno , Angelo Scorza Scarpati , Liam Fowl , Quan Wang

Using audio and text embeddings jointly for Keyword Spotting (KWS) has shown high-quality results, but the key challenge of how to semantically align two embeddings for multi-word keywords of different sequence lengths remains largely…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

The goal of this work is to automatically determine whether and when a word of interest is spoken by a talking face, with or without the audio. We propose a zero-shot method suitable for in the wild videos. Our key contributions are: (1) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Liliane Momeni , Triantafyllos Afouras , Themos Stafylakis , Samuel Albanie , Andrew Zisserman

Keyword spotting (KWS) aims to discriminate a specific wake-up word from other signals precisely and efficiently for different users. Recent works utilize various deep networks to train KWS models with all users' speech data centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Xin-Chun Li , Jin-Lin Tang , Shaoming Song , Bingshuai Li , Yinchuan Li , Yunfeng Shao , Le Gan , De-Chuan Zhan