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The shuffle model of differential privacy has attracted attention in the literature due to it being a middle ground between the well-studied central and local models. In this work, we study the problem of summing (aggregating) real numbers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Badih Ghazi , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Rasmus Pagh , Amer Sinha

Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) enables collaborative model training without a central server, but it remains vulnerable to privacy leakage because shared model updates can expose sensitive information through inversion,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Fardin Jalil Piran , Zhiling Chen , Yang Zhang , Qianyu Zhou , Jiong Tang , Farhad Imani

Secure aggregation is a critical component in federated learning (FL), which enables the server to learn the aggregate model of the users without observing their local models. Conventionally, secure aggregation algorithms focus only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jinhyun So , Ramy E. Ali , Basak Guler , Jiantao Jiao , Salman Avestimehr

We study the setup where each of $n$ users holds an element from a discrete set, and the goal is to count the number of distinct elements across all users, under the constraint of $(\epsilon, \delta)$-differentially privacy: - In the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Lijie Chen , Badih Ghazi , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi

We show that aggregated model updates in federated learning may be insecure. An untrusted central server may disaggregate user updates from sums of updates across participants given repeated observations, enabling the server to recover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Maximilian Lam , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Vijay Janapa Reddi , Michael Mitzenmacher

In shuffle privacy, each user sends a collection of randomized messages to a trusted shuffler, the shuffler randomly permutes these messages, and the resulting shuffled collection of messages must satisfy differential privacy. Prior work in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Albert Cheu , Matthew Joseph , Jieming Mao , Binghui Peng

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training by aggregating local updates without requiring raw data sharing. However, prior studies have shown that servers can exploit gradient inversion to compromise user privacy or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yufei Zhou

Homomorphic encryption is a very useful gradient protection technique used in privacy preserving federated learning. However, existing encrypted federated learning systems need a trusted third party to generate and distribute key pairs to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Hangyu Zhu , Rui Wang , Yaochu Jin , Kaitai Liang , Jianting Ning

ldp deployments are vulnerable to inference attacks as an adversary can link the noisy responses to their identity and subsequently, auxiliary information using the order of the data. An alternative model, shuffle DP, prevents this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Casey Meehan , Amrita Roy Chowdhury , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Somesh Jha

Federated learning (FL) has recently gained significant momentum due to its potential to leverage large-scale distributed user data while preserving user privacy. However, the typical paradigm of FL faces challenges of both privacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Sizai Hou , Songze Li , Tayyebeh Jahani-Nezhad , Giuseppe Caire

The shuffle model of DP (Differential Privacy) provides high utility by introducing a shuffler that randomly shuffles noisy data sent from users. However, recent studies show that existing shuffle protocols suffer from the following two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Takao Murakami , Yuichi Sei , Reo Eriguchi

Cross-silo federated learning allows multiple organizations to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing raw data, but client updates can still leak sensitive information through inference attacks. Secure aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Delio Jaramillo Velez , Gergely Biczok , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Johan Ostman , Balazs Pejo

In privacy-preserving machine learning, individual parties are reluctant to share their sensitive training data due to privacy concerns. Even the trained model parameters or prediction can pose serious privacy leakage. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Lingjuan Lyu , Yee Wei Law , Kee Siong Ng , Shibei Xue , Jun Zhao , Mengmeng Yang , Lei Liu

Federated learning enables the collaborative learning of a global model on diverse data, preserving data locality and eliminating the need to transfer user data to a central server. However, data privacy remains vulnerable, as attacks can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yiwei Zhang , Rouzbeh Behnia , Attila A. Yavuz , Reza Ebrahimi , Elisa Bertino

Given a collection of vectors $x^{(1)},\dots,x^{(n)} \in \{0,1\}^d$, the selection problem asks to report the index of an "approximately largest" entry in $x=\sum_{j=1}^n x^{(j)}$. Selection abstracts a host of problems--in machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Ivan Damgård , Hannah Keller , Boel Nelson , Claudio Orlandi , Rasmus Pagh

Federated learning (FL) enables training of a global model while keeping raw data on end-devices. Despite this, FL has shown to leak private user information and thus in practice, it is often coupled with methods such as differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jie Xu , Haaris Mehmood , Rogier Van Dalen , Karthikeyan Saravanan , Mete Ozay

Privacy-preserving federated averaging is a central approach for protecting client privacy in federated learning. In this paper, we study this problem in an asynchronous communications setting with malicious aggregators. We propose a new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Antonella Del Pozzo , Achille Desreumaux , Mathieu Gestin , Alexandre Rapetti , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Federated learning (FL) has attracted growing interest for enabling privacy-preserving machine learning on data stored at multiple users while avoiding moving the data off-device. However, while data never leaves users' devices, privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Ahmed Roushdy Elkordy , Jiang Zhang , Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Konstantinos Psounis , Salman Avestimehr

Strict privacy is of paramount importance in distributed machine learning. Federated learning, with the main idea of communicating only what is needed for learning, has been recently introduced as a general approach for distributed learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Mikko A. Heikkilä , Antti Koskela , Kana Shimizu , Samuel Kaski , Antti Honkela