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The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the Universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-04 A. Sesana , Z. Haiman , B. Kocsis , L. Z. Kelley

Most dynamically confirmed stellar-mass black holes and the candidates were originally selected from X-ray outbursts. In the present work, we search for black hole candidates in the LAMOST survey by using the spectra along with photometry…

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) in galactic nuclei are thought to be a common by-product of major galaxy mergers. We use simple disk models for the circumbinary gas and for the binary-disk interaction to follow the orbital decay…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-03 Zoltán Haiman , Bence Kocsis , Kristen Menou

The search and study of close pairs of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is important in the study of galaxy mergers which can possibly trigger active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, and in the context of their evolution into the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-06 Sumit Jaiswal , Prashanth Mohan , Tao An , Sándor Frey

The sub/millimeter wavelengths (86-690 GHz) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) will provide $\sim5-40\ \mu$as angular resolution, $\sim10$ mJy baseline sensitivity, and $\sim 1\ \mu$as/yr proper motion precision, which can directly…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-21 Shan-Shan Zhao , Wu Jiang , Ru-Sen Lu , Lei Huang , Zhi-Qiang Shen

Here we confirm the short periodic variability of a subparsec supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) candidate Mrk 231 in the extended optical photometric data set collected by the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS) and All-Sky…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-25 Andjelka B. Kovacevic , Tignfeng Yi , Xinyu Dai , Xing Yang , Iva Cvorovic-Hajdinjak , Luka C. Popovic

We investigate the sensitivity of the colour-based quasar selection algorithm of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to several key physical parameters of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), focusing on BH spin ($a_{\star}$) at the high BH-mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 Caroline Bertemes , Benny Trakhtenbrot , Kevin Schawinski , Chris Done , Martin Elvis

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) may exist in the centers of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) and are expected to be fairly common in the Universe as a consequence of merging processes between galaxies. The existence of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. De Paolis , G. Ingrosso , A. A. Nucita

Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary source candidates for low frequency gravitational wave (GW) detections, which could bring us deep insights into galaxy evolutions over cosmic time and violent processes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-04 Minghui Du , Qiong Deng , Yifan Bian , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu

Despite solid theoretical and observational grounds for the pairing of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) after galaxy mergers, definitive evidence for the existence of close (sub-parsec) separation SMBH binaries (SMBHBs) approaching merger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-30 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Maria Charisi

We present a comprehensive framework for predicting the detection prospects of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) by future gravitational wave (GW) observatories, examining both space-borne detectors (LISA, Taiji, TianQin) and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-09 Katsunori Kusakabe , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Daisuke Toyouchi , Keitaro Takahashi

We estimate the merger timescale of spectroscopically-selected, subparsec supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates by comparing their expected contribution to the gravitational wave background (GWB) with the sensitivity of current…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-13 Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic , Jessie C. Runnoe , Stephen R. Taylor , Alberto Sesana , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson

Dual supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with kiloparsec scale separations in merger-remnant galaxies are informative tracers of galaxy evolution, but the avenue for identifying them in large numbers for such studies is not yet clear. One…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Julia M. Comerford , Kyle Schluns , Jenny E. Greene , Richard J. Cool

We study the prospects of searching for black hole (BH) binary systems with a stellar-mass BH and a non-compact visible companion, by utilizing the spectroscopic data of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Tuan Yi , Mouyuan Sun , Wei-Min Gu

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) formed in galaxy mergers are promising multi-messenger sources. They can be identified as quasars with periodic variability in electromagnetic (EM) time-domain surveys. The most massive of those…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-13 Maria Charisi , Stephen Taylor , Jessie Runnoe , Caitlin Witt , Polina Petrov

Galaxy observations suggest that mergers of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are rare events, with rates of order one per decade across the observable Universe. We present a framework to search for merging SMBHBs in pulsar timing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-17 Sharon Mary Tomson , Boris Goncharov , Rutger van Haasteren

Variable active galactic nuclei showing periodic light curves have been proposed as massive black hole binary (MBHB) candidates. In such scenarios the periodicity can be due to relativistic Doppler-boosting of the emitted light. This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-13 Massimo Dotti , Matteo Bonetti , Daniel J. D'Orazio , Zoltan Haiman , Luis C. Ho

This manuscript investigates the possible existence of a binary supermassive black holes (BSMBH) system in the blue quasar SDSS J100438.8+151056 (=SDSS J1004+1510) at z=0.219 based on the detection of robust optical QPOs. We determine QPOs…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-12 GuiLin Liao , XingQian Chen , Qi Zheng , YiLin Liu , XueGuang Zhang

We present a method for comparing the H$\beta$ emission-line profiles of observed supermassive black hole (SBHB) candidates and models of sub-parsec SBHBs in circumbinary disks. Using the approach based on principal component analysis we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-20 Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic , Jessie C. Runnoe , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson , Todd Boroson

We report a candidate centi-parsec supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) in the radio-quiet quasar SDSS J0159+0105 at z=0.217. With a modified lomb-scargle code GLSdeDRW and the auto-correlation analysis ACF, we detect two significant (at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-17 Zhen-Ya Zheng , Nathaniel R. Butler , Yue Shen , Linhua Jiang , Jun-Xian Wang , Xian Chen , Jorge Cuadra