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Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is an imperfect process that results in certain mismatches in ASR output text when compared to plain written text or transcriptions. When plain text data is to be used to train systems for spoken language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Prashant Serai , Vishal Sunder , Eric Fosler-Lussier

Scores from traditional confidence classifiers (CCs) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems lack universal interpretation and vary with updates to the underlying confidence or acoustic models (AMs). In this work, we build…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-02 Amber Afshan , Kshitiz Kumar , Jian Wu

This paper presents our latest effort on improving Code-switching language models that suffer from data scarcity. We investigate methods to augment Code-switching training text data by artificially generating them. Concretely, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Chia-Yu Li , Ngoc Thang Vu

Continuous sign language recognition (SLR) deals with unaligned video-text pair and uses the word error rate (WER), i.e., edit distance, as the main evaluation metric. Since it is not differentiable, we usually instead optimize the learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Junfu Pu , Wengang Zhou , Hezhen Hu , Houqiang Li

At the present time, computers are employed to solve complex tasks and problems ranging from simple calculations to intensive digital image processing and intricate algorithmic optimization problems to computationally-demanding weather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-03-26 Youssef Bassil , Paul Semaan

Despite recent advances in end-to-end speech recognition methods, the output tends to be biased to the training data's vocabulary, resulting in inaccurate recognition of proper nouns and other unknown terms. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yu Nakagome , Michael Hentschel

Speaker adaptation techniques provide a powerful solution to customise automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for individual users. Practical application of unsupervised model-based speaker adaptation techniques to data intensive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-16 Jiajun Deng , Xurong Xie , Tianzi Wang , Mingyu Cui , Boyang Xue , Zengrui Jin , Guinan Li , Shujie Hu , Xunying Liu

Designing effective automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for Code-Switching (CS) often depends on the availability of the transcribed CS resources. To address data scarcity, this paper introduces Speech Collage, a method that…

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network-based acoustic word embedding system on code-switching query by example spoken term detection. Different from previous configurations, we combine audio data in two languages for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Murong Ma , Haiwei Wu , Xuyang Wang , Lin Yang , Junjie Wang , Ming Li

With the rise of globalisation, code-switching (CSW) has become a ubiquitous part of multilingual conversation, posing new challenges for natural language processing (NLP), especially in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC). This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Tom Potter , Zheng Yuan

Code-Switching refers to the phenomenon of switching languages within a sentence or discourse. However, limited code-switching , different language phoneme-sets and high rebuilding costs throw a challenge to make the specialized acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wei Wang , Chao Zhang , Xiaopei Wu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) for conversational code-switching speech remains challenging due to the scarcity of realistic, high-quality labeled speech data. This paper explores multilingual text-to-speech (TTS) models as an effective…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Yue Heng Yeo , Yuchen Hu , Shreyas Gopal , Yizhou Peng , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla

Code-switching, the act of alternating between languages, emerged as a prevalent global phenomenon that needs to be addressed for building user-friendly language technologies. A main bottleneck in this pursuit is data scarcity, motivating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Injy Hamed , Ngoc Thang Vu , Nizar Habash

Cross-lingual alignment in pretrained language models enables knowledge transfer across languages. Similar alignment has been reported in Whisper-style speech encoders, based on spoken translation retrieval using representational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ryan Soh-Eun Shim , Domenico De Cristofaro , Chengzhi Martin Hu , Alessandro Vietti , Barbara Plank

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have garnered attention for their potential to extend language coverage globally. While self-supervised learning (SSL) models, like MMS, have demonstrated their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Hongfei Xue , Qijie Shao , Kaixun Huang , Peikun Chen , Jie Liu , Lei Xie

Speech applications dealing with conversations require not only recognizing the spoken words but also determining who spoke when. The task of assigning words to speakers is typically addressed by merging the outputs of two separate systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Grigor Kirakosyan , Davit Karamyan

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Discrete speech representations have garnered recent attention for their efficacy in training transformer-based models for various speech-related tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR), translation, speaker verification, and joint…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Kunal Dhawan , Nithin Rao Koluguri , Ante Jukić , Ryan Langman , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

To extract robust deep representations from long sequential modeling of speech data, we propose a self-supervised learning approach, namely Contrastive Separative Coding (CSC). Our key finding is to learn such representations by separating…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Jun Wang , Max W. Y. Lam , Dan Su , Dong Yu