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Fault-tolerant quantum computation is a technique that is necessary to build a scalable quantum computer from noisy physical building blocks. Key for the implementation of fault-tolerant computations is the ability to perform a universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-14 Markus Grassl , Martin Roetteler

Scalable and efficient numerical simulations continue to gain importance, as computation is firmly established as the third pillar of discovery, alongside theory and experiment. Meanwhile, the performance of computing hardware grows through…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Pietro Incardona , Antonio Leo , Yaroslav Zaluzhnyi , Rajesh Ramaswamy , Ivo F. Sbalzarini

When a computational task tolerates a relaxation of its specification or when an algorithm tolerates the effects of noise in its execution, hardware, programming languages, and system software can trade deviations from correct behavior for…

The usual scenario in fault tolerant quantum computation involves certain amount of qubits encoded in each code block, transversal operations between them and destructive measurements of ancillary code blocks. We introduce a new approach in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Logical gates constitute the building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computation. While quantum error-corrected memories have been extensively studied in the literature, explicit constructions and detailed analyses of thresholds and…

Quantum error correction is a key ingredient for large scale quantum computation, protecting logical information from physical noise by encoding it into many physical qubits. Topological stabilizer codes are particularly appealing due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Hoang Viet Nguyen , Manh Hung Nguyen , Hoang Ta , Van Khu Vu , Yeow Meng Chee

The advancement of information processing into the realm of quantum mechanics promises a transcendence in computational power that will enable problems to be solved which are completely beyond the known abilities of any "classical"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-16 Parsa Bonderson , Sankar Das Sarma , Michael Freedman , Chetan Nayak

Simulating molecular systems on quantum processors has the potential to surpass classical methods in computational resource efficiency. The limited qubit connectivity, small processor size, and short coherence times of near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Abhishek Sadhu , Aritra Sarkar , Akash Kundu

The surface code is highly practical, enabling arbitrarily reliable quantum computation given a 2-D nearest-neighbor coupled array of qubits with gate error rates below approximately 1%. We describe an open source library, Polyestimate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-03 Austin G. Fowler

Practical quantum advantage is expected to depend on fault-tolerant quantum computing, although the architectural overhead needed to support fault tolerance is still extremely high. Prior FTQC designs generally emphasize either fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum information processors need to be protected against errors and faults. One of the most widely considered fault-tolerant architecture is based on surface codes. While the general principles of these codes are well understood and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

We utilize the symmetry groups of regular tessellations on two-dimensional surfaces of different constant curvatures, including spheres, Euclidean planes and hyperbolic planes, to encode a qubit or qudit into the physical degrees of freedom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yixu Wang , Yijia Xu , Zi-Wen Liu

The construction of topological error correction codes requires the ability to fabricate a lattice of physical qubits embedded on a manifold with a non-trivial topology such that the quantum information is encoded in the global degrees of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 James M. Auger , Hussain Anwar , Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia , Thomas M. Stace , Dan E. Browne

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

A scheme for globally addressing a quantum computer is presented along with its realisation in an optical lattice setup of one, two or three dimensions. The required resources are mainly those necessary for performing quantum simulations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Alastair Kay , Jiannis K. Pachos

Quantum error correction is an important ingredient for scalable quantum computing. Stabilizer codes are one of the most promising and straightforward ways to correct quantum errors, are convenient for logical operations, and improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Ilya. A. Simakov , Ilya. S. Besedin

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

Fault-tolerant schemes can use error correction to make a quantum computation arbitrarily ac- curate, provided that errors per physical component are smaller than a certain threshold and in- dependent of the computer size. However in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-24 Marco Fellous-Asiani , Jing Hao Chai , Robert S. Whitney , Alexia Auffèves , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

An economy of scale is found when storing many qubits in one highly entangled block of a topological quantum code. The code is defined by construction of a topologically convoluted 2-d surface and does not work by compressing redundancy in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Dennis