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Effective graph resistance is a fundamental structural metric in network science, widely used to quantify global connectivity, compare network architectures, and assess robustness in flow-based systems. Despite its importance, current…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Xiangrong Wang , Xin Yu , Zongze Wu , Yamir Moreno

The graphical notion of effective resistance has found wide-ranging applications in many areas of pure mathematics, applied mathematics and control theory. By the nature of its construction, effective resistance can only be computed in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-10-23 George Forrest Young , Luca Scardovi , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

It is known that electrical networks with resistors are related to the Laplace operator and random walk on weighted graphs. In this paper we consider more general electrical networks with coils, capacitors, and resistors. We give two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Anna Muranova

This work explores the definiteness of the weighted graph Laplacian matrix with negative edge weights. The definiteness of the weighted Laplacian is studied in terms of certain matrices that are related via congruent and similarity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Daniel Zelazo , Mathias Bürger

Resistance distance has been studied extensively in the past years, with the majority of previous studies devoted to undirected networks, in spite of the fact that various realistic networks are directed. Although several generalizations of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Mingzhe Zhu , Liwang Zhu , Huan Li , Wei Li , Zhongzhi Zhang

In this paper, we present two new matrices, namely the resistance Laplacian and resistance signless Laplacian matrix of a connected graph. We provide a generalized form of these matrices for different classes of graphs, including the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Shivani Tushar Parab , Raisa DSouza

This article discusses a geometric perspective on the well-known fact in graph theory that the effective resistance is a metric on the nodes of a graph. The classical proofs of this fact make use of ideas from electrical circuits or random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Karel Devriendt

The concept of effective resistance, originally introduced in electrical circuit theory, has been extended to the setting of graphs by interpreting each edge as a resistor. In this context, the effective resistance between two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Inés García-Redondo , Claudia Landi , Sarah Percival , Anda Skeja , Bei Wang , Ling Zhou

In this paper we deal with the notion of the effective impedance of AC networks consisting of resistances, coils and capacitors. Mathematically such a network is a locally finite graph whose edges are endowed with complex-valued weights…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Anna Muranova

Effective resistance (ER) is an attractive way to interrogate the structure of graphs. It is an alternative to computing the eigen-vectors of the graph Laplacian. Graph laplacians are used to find low dimensional structures in high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Robi Bhattacharjee , Alex Cloninger , Yoav Freund , Andreas Oslandsbotn

For a given infinite connected graph $G=(V,E)$ and an arbitrary but fixed conductance function $c$, we study an associated graph Laplacian $\Delta_{c}$; it is a generalized difference operator where the differences are measured across the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-19 Palle Jorgensen , Feng Tian

This work presents a new method for symmetrization of directed graphs that constructs an undirected graph with equivalent pairwise effective resistances as a given directed graph. Consequently a graph metric, square root of effective…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Katherine Fitch

In Part I of this work we defined a generalization of the concept of effective resistance to directed graphs, and we explored some of the properties of this new definition. Here, we use the theory developed in Part I to compute effective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-10-23 George Forrest Young , Luca Scardovi , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) is a fundamental problem in power system operation and control. Accurately modeling the network physics via the AC power flow equations makes AC OPF a challenging nonconvex problem that results in significant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Nafis Sadik , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani

In this article we consider resistance matrix of a connected graph. For unweighted graph we study some necessary and sufficient conditions for resistance regular graphs. Also we find some relationship between Laplacian matrix and resistance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Deepak Sarma

The pseudoinverse of a graph Laplacian is used in many applications and fields, such as for instance in the computation of the effective resistance in electrical networks, in the calculation of the hitting/commuting times for a Markov chain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-30 Angela Fontan , Claudio Altafini

As a quantification of the main bottleneck to flow over a graph, the network property of conductance plays an important role in the process of synchronization of network-coupled dynamical systems. Diffusive coupling terms serve not only to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-29 C. Tyler Diggans

We develop a generalized resistance geometry based on Kron reduction and effective resistance for directed graphs, paralleling classical undirected graph theory. For strongly connected directed graphs, we prove a Fiedler--Bapat identity…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yosuke Kajiura , Kazuhiro Sato

To describe the flow of a miscible quantity on a network, we introduce the graph wave equation where the standard continuous Laplacian is replaced by the graph Laplacian. This is a natural description of an array of inductances and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-10-25 Jean-Guy Caputo , Arnaud Knippel , Elie Simo

Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in electrical power grids. Stable power supply requires a robust design of the power grid topology. Currently, the impact of the grid structure on the grid robustness is mainly…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-26 Xiangrong Wang , Yakup Koç , Robert E. Kooij , Piet Van Mieghem
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